...not because shooting a short round is dangerous (it really isn't)...
The OP states that the round is about an eighth of an inch (0.125") too short. Depending on the caliber and loading that can absolutely be dangerous.
For example, it has been demonstrated that a tenth of an inch (0.1") of setback in a 180gr .40S&W loading can cause the chamber pressure to double.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.40_S&W
Hirtenberg Ammunition Company of Austria (at the request of GLOCK, Inc.) determined that, with a .40 caliber cartridge, pushing the bullet back into the case 1/10 of an inch doubled the chamber pressure.
http://www.thegunzone.com/glock/kb-notes.html
"“"This was first confirmed via a European cartridge maker (Hirtenberger in Austria) from information given to me by a high level Glock representative. 1/10" set back can cause pressures to double from 35,000 psi to 70,000 psi."
And from a different source but quoted in the same link.
"I can talk to you about bullet set-back… but let me just say that if you are using a .40 S&W caliber weapon, that tests have been conducted that show very little set-back has raised pressures around 60-70,000 psi (way above a proof load). This could cause, and has caused, weapon blow-ups in the .40."
Dean Caputo, Sgt. - FTU Rangemaster, Arcadia Police Department”
I don't know of any cartridge where doubling the chamber pressure from a standard pressure loading would not be dangerous in at least some firearms.