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If loading a cartridge near its max SAAMI pressure limit risks gun damage or worse, we're in trouble. By the way, what is your "worse"?

No, not necessarily. It's not the chamber pressure that matters. It's the gas pressure at the muzzle that matters, and peak chamber pressure does not predict muzzle pressure very well. The formula for recoil requires bullet speed, bullet weight and powder weight. There is no provision for...

Right. Matt's Bullets sells a cast HBWC. I've shot a few and they were very accurate in my gun. https://www.mattsbullets.com/152-Grain-Hollow-Base-Wadcutter-359_p_46.html

Most factory loaded wadcutter loads use a hollow base, and are usually what is thought of when referring to wadcutters. They are usually swaged, though there ae some cast HBWCs. The double end design is common in cast bullets.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow-base_bullet

Different manuals, different data. The hollow base wadcutters should not be pushed as fast because if the pressure/speed is too high, the skirt can become detached and stick in the barrel. In some manuals, the start load for 38 wadcutters, and other 38 Special bullets, is 2.0 gr. Bullseye.

It's not alarming. Their load data is correct for their bullet.

It might already be lubed with their slick coat lube. Is that right OP?

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Actual measured data from Lyman #50 show the following max loads (velocity with 4.0" barrel Universal Receiver); Blue Dot, 10.7 gr. 1158 fps, 39,800 CUP A#7, 11.5 gr. 1220 fps, 38,700 CUP A#9, 14.9 gr. 1357 fps, 42,900 CUP The above data show that these 3 powders are not giving the same...

I wouldn't use QuickLOAD that way. QL is notorious for being very bad at estimating pressure with some powders. For example, if you plug in the numbers I gave above using the .672" long Hornady 158 XTP at 1.590 and A#9 14.9 grains (using default case volume), QL says the pressure is 53,303...

A light weight, high capacity 357 to carry in the woods or trail. Even with a 2" barrel it can shoot heavy slugs with enough speed to get reasonable penetration on heavy muscled predators. And 8 shots of snake loads makes it handy for the desert.

Here's some numbers. Hornady 158 XTP is .672" long. Zero 158 JHP is .650" long. I seat the Zero 158 JHP at 1.555" OAL. Lyman 50th shows a max A#9 load of 14.9 gr. with a Hornady 158 XTP at 1.590" OAL in Federal cases with CCI 550 primers producing 42,900 CUP.

I'd suggest trying A#9 before buying another powder. I get faster velocity with #9 than with 2400 from a 4" barrel and 158 grain bullets. Bottom line, A#9 might be all you need. No need to spend more money if you don't need to.

There are differences in load data with #9 and other powders, too. The only way to know is to try it in your gun with your combination of components.

Yes. Folks, a lot of this information is on the wikipedia sites for these calibers. Also, several articles have been written of these subjects so a Google search should find them. e.g. https://www.ssusa.org/content/the-other-38s/

If the gun in chambered in 38 Long Colt or 38 Short Colt, yes, 38 Special cases can be shortened. But, Starline makes new 38 Long Colt and 38 Short Colt cases. You can just buy those.

If the OP's gun will put 50 shots in 2" at 100 yards, it rates being called a 2MOA gun. But if a 2MOA group happens only rarely and with a small shot count, then it's just a 2MOA group.

Um, the website says 20 oz. https://charterfirearms.com/collections/bulldog/products/model-74530

How to do the plunk test: https://www.shootingtimes.com/editorial/reloading-tips-the-plunk-test/99389