Just my opinion: I am old school "bigger is better" however, most of my professional life had to carry approved calibers and weapons, for the early part of my career this meant no HP whatsoever, nothing larger than 9mm ball (usually 115gr), I was a patrolman so I also carried a .38 snubbie (S&W60). I witnessed investigators with 38's, 380's, 32's and a few that carried 22's in undercover mode.
I've seen shootings, been in a few and never witnessed an injured cop but I have seen DOA's and immediate incapacitated criminals with the above calibers, more than a few with the 22.
I've served overseas in an advisory position (long ago) and know more than a few Vietnam veterans who carry 32's as their primary SD, one a Kel Tec the other a Beretta Tomcat. One of the guys owns and operates a local gunshop 2 miles from my house and even though he has numerous SD guns salted around his shop, it's his Tomcat that's the first to go to get him to a rifle.
Israeli Sky Marshals utilized the Beretta 70 and if you read the link even engaged 3 terrorists on the tarmac, successfully. They also used the M70 when they attacked the hijacked Sabena Aircraft in the 70's, once again, successfully.
I have faced a trio of gangbangers with my NAA 22 but that's because that's all I had with me (I owned a SBH 44 but that was in the house and all I did was run to Walmart at 11pm) and the saying that "no one wishes for a smaller weapon when they could have had a bigger one" is completely true. Luckily I didn't have to draw and my demeanor and hand in my pocket was enough to defuse the situation. The next day I bought a Taurus Tracker in 44 but soon sold that for a what was to be a search for the Holy Grail. Today that's an M9A3 and numerous 357's.
Short story long, IMO, 32/380/38 are all basically the same (not starting a war).
I go bike riding (motorcycle) many times with just two handguns, my S&W M&P 22LR Compact and as BUG my NAA 22M. I know what they can do and at 5 - 7 yards will hit vitals including headshots.
My question to OP is, if you're that concerned, why not a 9mm subcompact like the Kimber Micro or Sig 938 or 365?
https://www.tactical-life.com/firearms/israeli-mossad-22-lrs/
Postscript: The best IMO 32's and 380's are Colt 1903, CZ83 and Beretta 84/85 (not necessarily in that order). All are militarily and police proven.