I built my own from scratch 50 cal flintlock pistol with an 8 " barrel . 40 grains of ffg behind a 490 round ball went through a deer's chest bones, heart, lugs, liver, and almost completely through on a straight on shot. It bounced off the ribs on the other side but not before breaking 2 off them and punching the bone pieces out. The shot was 65- 70 honest yards out , with ever so slight of an angle, hence the ribs on the other side.