There is no question that the tungstens and hevi types of shot carry more energy downrange. The question is how much is needed? Please don't take this the wrong way, but until a tin-to-goose correction factor is developed the test on tin doesn't tell me anything other than it carries more energy downrange.
Steel 2's will pass through an adult mallard at 50 yards, they will penetrate to the vitals on a giant canada goose too from any angle. Steel BBB will pass through a goose at 50 yards from most angles.
Most guys use open chokes with steel, just like the books say they should. They never pattern the gun either, if they would they would see that they have nice patterns with good distribution but they don't put but one or two pellets on the bird per shot past about 30 yards. Tighter chokes like a full essentially wreck the pattern in a classical sense, 1/4 to 1/2 of the shot won't even land on the pattern board at 40 yards. What shot is left however stays in a nice dense pattern, and you can put multiple pellets on the bird per shot.
I have found that I need 3 #2 steel pellets on a mallard to kill it cleanly, I need at least 5 on a goose. Find out what choke and load does that for you, then find out at what distance that becomes impossible. Now you have a combination you can trust, and you know what your maximum effective range is.