All Folks in the state of AK have to follow the same hunting and fishing laws. The laws and bag limit varies from game unit to game unit, Im in GM Unit 23
http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/regulations/wildliferegulations/pdfs/gmu23.pdf
There are only distinctions between federal laws and state laws; Sports (trophy/commercial)and Subsistence (meat or self use) Hunting/trapping/fishing. In AK , all edible meats must be salvaged and brought out before the antlers, sorta making everyone a subsistence Hunter anyways...
If there's "Lots" of any one thing, say fish, then everyone can get at em, commercial, sports, subsistence.
When numbers of something decline, they will stop the commercial/sports and keep the subsistence going, but when numbers of the target species really fall, all hunting/fishing/gathering of them stops.
When commercial Marine Mammal Hunting was outlawed in 1972, the Feds took ove the bag limits and conduct after the catch.Im sure, its because they control migrating animal bag limits, allowed subsistence Hunting to continue for those who could show a history of self use rather than commercial use. Eskimo's qualified easily, but you must reside where you hunt, for Fed laws, so there's no Anchorage Whaling captains and such. So any thing caught had to be eaten , 'cept Sea Otters and Polar Bear (although most Bear meat is eaten) and any by product, such as skins, Ivory and such have to be made into something of a customary/tradional hand craft and or artwork before it could be sold, as only Natives may possess the items in a raw state. Thats the "Native only" aspect, the only example I can think of.
Often, when theres a village with 95%+% Native in population, it may appear "Native only" but thats misleading.They have to obay the law and none can be discluded.
As well, after Statehood, through the late 60's the Native Tribes sue'd in Fed courts for their property, since it wasnt until 1924 that Natives were allowed to own land, vote, etc, and land ownership was up in the air, they had no 'deeds", but since Natives had not sold nor traded or been defeated in combat to sign any treaties to give them up in the first place to the Russians or American governments.......and settled for 10% of their original lands,and $ $ in 1972, locals and settlers were deeded into Native allotments and Homesteads both 144 acres, often split among several locations. Living there or divided by tribes, and the lands were deeded to tribes in common, so indigenous folks here own land in common as share holders, and have a land managing corporation, Northwest Alaska Native Association, NANA, that has a Lead/Zink Mine, that occasionally gives out dividends, due to metal prices.The oil $$ corporations are on the north Slope, who own the lands that oils being pumped from. The NANA owned Red Dog Mines profits pay 90% of the North West Arctic Boroughs Tax's, and are the largest employer in the Borough.They lease land plots to shareholders to make camps near productive areas, They also protect, patrol and manage lands to keep Hunters Hunting, with no fences and very very few roads, I believe less than 200 miles in borough a little larger than Indiana. 90+% of folks here are shareholders, and Because I live here, the local Native corp allows me access to lands for hunting/fishing/trapping, and support my family. They allow very limited commercial hunting, but private property is private property, same as anywhere down south.
They also used the fed $ to put Health clinics and train Health aids to meet the village's needs, where the care is pretty spares and expensive.Their health care model is a left over from Indian Reorganization Act the local "IRA" Gov, and when the suit for land claims was over, they seceded title and further claim to those lands, now monuments, National Parks, Wilderness, and reserves, in exchange for Federal funds to build a health care system for the far flung residents of the North.In an essence, they traded land for health care and can tell you how good or bad Gov run health care already is.
I cannot dig fossils or minerals outta the Native owned lands, without a permit, but my wife and kids can, but I can get stuff outta the Ocean, so managing the boat and watching in the water is productive as well.
We are surrounded by various plots of Fed, State and Privately owned lands.
For subsistence fishing/hunting laws, the state says residents can subsistence hunt anywhere, the feds so only the locals residents of the area can hunt/fish/ gather under laws of subsistence. Usually subsistence bag limits are larger than Sport limits, for instance, we can hunt 15 caribou a day on Fed lands, 5 per day on State, but any State resident can hunt that limit on any state or private lands, but only locals can get that limit on Fed lands, just across the river. so its a tricky game when you travel. and hunt all the way....