One Practical difference is the 30/06 dates back before they were putting rubber butt pads on rifles as a rule. A lot of those ole straight combed stocks have a deleterous effect on your cheekbone/shoulder subassemblies. In other words, the kick is magnified above what a properly stocked rifle like a modern 308/30/06.
Also, and VERY important. The 30/06 ain't TACTICAL - the 308 is.
Also, and VERY important. The 30/06 ain't TACTICAL - the 308 is.