I love Wiki, and a quick search shows the 455 Webley (455 Eley) and 476 Eley were used in the Thompson Tests.
Thompson–LaGarde Tests
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson–LaGarde_Tests
The tests were conducted at the Nelson Morris Company Union Stock Yards in Chicago, Illinois, using both live cattle outside a local slaughterhouse, as well as some human cadavers. To consider different combinations of factors, several different calibers were used during the tests: 7.65×21mm Parabellum (.30 Luger), 9×19mm Parabellum (Germany), .38 Long Colt, .38 ACP, blunt and hollow-point .45 Colt (US), .476 Eley (UK), and the "cupped" .455 Webley (UK).
But, I learned something, after reading this article from Wiki:
455 Webley
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.455_Webley
.476 Enfield
Despite the apparent difference in caliber name, .476 Enfield was quite similar to the .455 Webley. The .476 had a 0.05 mm (0.002 in) shorter case than the .455 Mark I and could be fired in weapons regulated and marked as safe for the caliber, such as the Webley "WG Army" model. This had a cylinder that was long enough to accommodate the significantly longer cartridge in which the bullet swelled out to .476" beyond the case. It would not chamber in any government-issue .455 Webley Marks I–VI.[3][7] The .450 Adams (1868), .476 Enfield (1881), and .455 Webley Mk.I (1891) British service cartridges all featured a case diameter of .476 inch [12.09mm].
British service use
The .476 Enfield cartridge was only in British service for a comparatively short period before it was replaced by the black powder-loaded .455 Webley Mark I in 1887[1] and then by the smokeless powder-loaded .455 Webley Mark II in September 1897.[1] Just over 1,000[2] Enfield Mark IIs were issued to the North-West Mounted Police, and these remained in service until 1911,[2] when the last Enfields were phased out in favour of more modern (and reliable) .45 Colt New Service revolvers.[2]
476 Enfield
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.476_Enfield
Using the same bullet as the .455 (11.6mm) Webley Mark I,[1] the .476 casing was 0.05 mm (0.002 in) longer[1] and carried a charge of 18 gr (1.17 g) of black powder, compared to 6.5 gr (0.42 g) of cordite in the .455 Mark I.[1] While the .476 Enfield cartridge could be used in any British-manufactured .455 Webley calibre service revolver, there were issues with the later-production Colt or Smith & Wesson .455 Revolver models, which were liable to have slightly smaller bore diameters.[1]
Despite the difference in designation, the .476 readily interchanged with the earlier .450 Adams and .455 Webley rounds[2] (the latter in black powder Mark I and smokeless Marks II through VI),[1] as well as the .455 Colt (a U.S. commercial brand for the same .455 Webley round, with slightly different ballistics),[3] which all used the same .455 in (11.6mm) bullet, the distinction being which diameter was measured.[2] Officially, .450 Adams, .476 Enfield, and .455 Webley cartridges could all be fired in the Webley Mark III British Government Model revolver;[4][page needed] although case length, bullet weight and shape, and powder charge differed, all three cartridges featured a case diameter of .476 inch with a bullet diameter of .455 inch, which could be fired in a barrel of .450 inch bore.
I had always assumed the 476 Eley used a 0.476 diameter bullet. Not so! It was the same diameter as the 455 Webley. It has been years since I read the LaGarde report, but my recollection was that the 476 Eley was judged to be the superior cartridge in terms of lethality.
I think the 45 Schofield had been in use long enough, and had an inferior reputation to the 46 LC. I found a period web book, and in it a Cowboy/Hunter/Scout commented that the 45 Government cartridge was inferior against game compared to the commercial cartridges. And as we have seen, it was not used by Thompson/La Garde. They used the commercial version.
On another forum , Mike the Malevolent Moderator claims the 45 Schofield was the basis for the 45 ACP, but based on the cartridges actually used in testing, I don't see that. Instead the board tested current military cartridges, the 9mm, 455 Webley, and the 45 Colt, a couple of commercial cases, to see what worked best. And beyond the 45 caliber recommendation, what was decided later, we don't know.
As to whether the 45 Schofield was issued in the Philippines or the 45 Colt, I don't know. I do know the Government SAA's were sighted in for the 45 Schofield. Since the pistols could take either, if I had the choice, I would take 45 Colt. It is surprising to find that the logistics system will create strange shortages for our troops abroad. A bud of mine went to the Sandbox 2005-2006. He claimed that during his tour, yes, you could get a 9mm pistol, but, 9mm ammunition was not available! Another active duty bud, based on travel orders, he was not considered a combatant, and there were not enough helmets, flak jackets, or weapons, so he was not given any in his short tour. I think his tour was in terms of months. He was able to find a helmet, don't remember if he got the ballistic vest, but I remember he never found a loose weapon. I guess he carried rocks to throw at jihadies! I can only imagine that the supply chain back in the 1890's was even worse.
I am very cynical about those trials. I figure they interpreted the shooting to confirm a decision already made to go back to .45.
Might have, could have been a bias on the team, we would have had to been on the team to understand the dynamics. I do know the military is very conservative, hates change. They like what they have, they want something better but only a little different, and the user totally rejects revolutionary change. Like going from a 45 to a 9mm, or a 38 caliber bullet. Or going from the field cap to a beret, and the change over from the Army green Uniform to the BDU camo was an unhappy time. Guys who got used to the BDU really hated the ACU. Change is not welcome. Baby likes its rattle and will have no other. Change is usually implemented from above over the objections of the user.