Once used a row of car tires at a private range for this.
Fired a .223 in it. Lots of noise to me as the shooter , also sand and such fell from the first two tires onto my rifle's barrel and fore end.
When I commented on the debris, the owner responded, "Well, at least there were no paper wasps this time."
I understand Col Cooper had a plywood box affair at one point with fiberglass insulation for ceilings in it. Hey, the Pink Panther was always silent!
The West German Army had a giant tube affair they used to park M 109 155mm SP howitzers so the barrel extended into it for silencing at one of the training areas up north I believe.
-kBob