Are legal concerns over carrying handloads trivial?

Are legal concerns over carrying handloads trivial?

  • Yes, be afraid, very afraid!

    Votes: 20 15.7%
  • We don't need no stinking factory loads!

    Votes: 90 70.9%
  • No opinion. Where am I?

    Votes: 17 13.4%

  • Total voters
    127
  • Poll closed .
Status
Not open for further replies.
Kurac... 1. At least I'll be alive to go to court.

2. At my age I'm runnin' out of time waiting for that to happen.

3. If you carry handloads or if you carry factory you will still worry
or you wouldn't be carrying in the first place. But you will be a
kinder and gentler person...
As I read and re-read many of the posts and links pertaining to this string I get the feeling that this whole thing is rather mote, but entertaining.:D

And a Merry Christmas to you and yours...:)
 
I find this tread very entertaining. I don't carry too much except when I am fishing or hunting and in such cases it is my 629 at my side, with some nice handloads. Here in the PRK getting a carry permit is like winning the lotto so I just try to avoid harms way, plus I live in a safe area.

Now what about using handloads if you are attacked in your house? will that make a big difference in court?
 
Kurac
Well, in a situation like yours, I see your concern. I'd do the same in Cali probably. Let me guess; if you'd actually use your gun, they probably yank the permit right?
 
You can get permits in CA but they make you jump through so many hoops its nuts. On one of the forums someone posted a link that showed the number of permits issued by county here in CA and it was very eye opening. It seems the counties with the largest populations, LA, Santa Clara, Alameda, San Diego, have the least amount of permits issued. Now if you live out in the sticks then it is much easier to get a permit. The moral of my story, it is better to live out in the country if you like packin.
 
It depends on your role. As a citizen I think you will not have any problem. Speaking from a law enforcement position it is EXTREMLY tabu to carry your own loads. You made speacial bullets to kill with. Such nonsense is what we live with. From a legal point of view as long as your not a law enforcement officer, you should be pretty much ok as long as it was a justified shoot.

5.56
 
Enough antagonistic postings.

All - -
I've been remiss in allowing this one to go on as long as it has. I should have cut it off when it degenerated into a continuation of a rather acrimonious exchange from another board. Now, this is NOT a flame at Glock Talk - - It is simply well known that each board has it's own style and permissible limits.

Now, I really don't care if two or nine valued members of THR got crossways with one another on another board. What matters is what happens HERE. I'll not bother recapitulating who said what about whomever in this thread - - Anyone who is interested can go back and read all of it. None of it has (thus far) been edited or redacted, appropriate as it would be to have done so. I am guilty of letting it go so far, just wondering what would happen next. The error was mine, mea culpa, my bad.

Okay, we'll leave this open for a while longer. I really kinda hope everyone's had their say and it will die out, but, we'll see. Please understand, though - - Any additional references to what anyone said on ANY thread at Glock Talk will be removed. Either the relevant words, phrases, or sentences, or the post may be removed. Don't spend a lot of time on a post which includes such a reference, if it'll be a loss to you when it disappears. That's what will happen if someone casually messes up. If you feel really strongly that there's something additional in that regard that MUST be said, take it to e-mail. Write it there, and not in the public thread.

Also - - Attack statements, positions, ideas, or arguments. Do not attack the individual. I wasn't watching closely enough and there has been some name calling in this thread. That will stop. If you believe someone has gotten out of line, if you can point it out, gently, that's fine. Otherwise, please click on the red triangle at the bottom left of each reply. This is the "Report Bad Post" function. Let a moderator or administrator handle the matter. We're on staff to try to keep things running smoothly, and so that members don't need to do battle with one another.

People have called each other liars. Now, if you believe someone has misstated facts, please take into account that it might be an honest error. Even a certain amount of exaggeration may be excused in the process of making a point. Clear and intentional untruths should be avoided. If need be, report misbehavior to a staff member.

Again, I apologize for letting matters go so far out of bounds.

Best to all,
Johnny Guest
Moderator
THR Handloading & Reloading Forum
 
Good Advice

massad ayoob said:
taliv:

My first rule is, "Be able to predict where the attack will come, and have a proven counterattack strategy in place and ready to immediately launch."

Mas Ayoob makes a point worth remembering with his first rule.

I remember years ago reading one of Mas' magazine articles advocating the exclusive use of factory ammo. I was skeptical at the time and I remain skeptical today, but not because of any published legal opinions or lack of them, but because I often find that my most accurate loads are less than the max suggested in the manuals. I have some confidence that my .44 S&W Special loads over 200 grains will do the job nicely, if the situation presents itself.

In the years since I originally read Mas' advice it seems to me, as an attorney, that the willingness of state prosecutors to "reach" for evidence of criminal intent (i.e. handloads) has grown considerably, so I wouldn't be terribly surprised to see a clear-cut effort made to prosecute an otherwise innocent person on the basis that his intent was to cause excess harm or that he was a "gun nut."

I also wouldn't be surprised to see a prosecution that the use of factory ammo identical to the type used by the local police was intended to cause greater harm than other types of ammo.

I have a lot of respect for Mas Ayoob. He goes into court as an expert and probably gets pretty roughed up by opposing counsel, so my instinct is to side with him on this one. The gift of his posting, though is to remind me that (even in the courtroom) I need to predict the offense and have a realistic strategy that is immediately responsive.

Thanks Mas

Buddy
 
To Johnnie Guest, per your Post #106:

Thank you.

To Clark:

You ask for links and transcripts. But you called me a liar about this for years, yet finally admitted that you had never read any of my work. How does anyone know that you'll even read them?

To Double Naught Spy:

In your Post #87 you tell me, "playing both sides isn't uncommon for you." It's called "showing both sides." That's the way honest people are supposed to portray controversial topics: knowing both sides and showing both sides. In my almost 35 years of writing with that in mind, you are the first to call it "playing both sides."

In the same post, sir, you write, "It is interesting where others said they looked at the cases when in reality they could not have looked at them..."
Did it occur to you that perhaps they were professionals whose research skills may have exceeded your own?

BuddyOne:

Thanks for the insightful commentary. I don't get roughed up much. Cross-examination by opposiing counsel is rather like this flame war, which in turn has something in common with a boxing match: the number of punches thrown counts for much less than the number, and the power, of the ones that land.

To All:

I think a review on this board alone of previous postings by both Double Naught and Clark will show that they'll do little with legal reference sources, and I would not waste my time digging up the resource citations for them.

However, others here have also asked for them. I respect people like Steve Koski, who can disagree without being disagreeable, and others who are genuinely interested in the information.

Like everyone else here, I have time commitments on the schedule over the long holiday weekend, but should be able to post the research sources this coming Tuesday or Wednesday on this thread.

As I have mentioned elsewhere, I had been away from the Bias case for many years, leaving it some 15 or more years ago. Heck, I had even forgotten the poor kid's first name. Motivated by Clark's flame war, I recently dug out the file and started updating. Roy Huntington, the editor at American Handgunner, has asked me to do an article on it.

When I had lost track of the case, I was aware that he had been tried twice, both times resulting in hung juries. I have learned in the last two days that his long ordeal lasted through FOUR trials. He left the last convicted of Manslaughter.

For those who seem to feel that none of this matters since no one was convicted, we now have a case where someone was: Daniel Bias, Jr. He apparently served three years in prison and has been free for two years now.

The first trial alone went into six figures of legal fees, bankrupting him. It would have done the same had he been acquitted. The attorney who defended him the first time is still convinced of his innocence, and also convinced that if Danny's home defense revolver had been loaded with factory ammo, which could have been replicated for critical GSR testing without argument, he would probably have been spared all or at least much of his and his family's ordeal. The GSR element was a cornerstone of the prosecution's case against him.

Best to all for the coming holidays,
Mas
 
To Anthony RSS

I think it's the pits, too. Unfortunately, we have to address things as they are, not how we'd like them to be. Have a good holiday and stay safe.

To the new member who just sent me a PM: I tried to respond, but the computer says your user name is invalid. Please try again.

Stay safe,
mas
 
I would like to thank Double Naught Spy, Johnny Guest, THR, and everyone else, including Mas Ayoob, that helped get to the bottom of this issue.

I don't believe I have ever seen such a thorough airing of the topic anywhere.
 
I've never had a handload lock up my gun. I have had factory ammo do it. If it comes down to being in court for using a handload or beind dead for using factory ammo i'll pick court.
 
[LAWYER HAT ON] Here's the lowdown.

In a pure self-defense shooting case, the type of ammunition used is irrelevant. Any effort by a plaintiff attorney or DA to attack the shooter by claiming the ammunition was made "extra deadly" would be subject to exclusion on the grounds of relevance, confusion, and unfair prejudice for a start. If the individual is dead, then lethal force was used.

The issue would only become relevant if the SHOOTER HIMSELF argued that he really didn't intend to kill the victim. In that case he could be cross examined regarding evidence that he actually handloaded the ammunition with very lethal HP or SP projectiles, as opposed to less-than-lethal rubber or rock salt.

You can see the difference without a law degree, I think. In the first case of pure self defense, NOBODY IS CONTESTING whether lethal force has been used. The argument is that the shooter was justified in using lethal force, and the issue will be whether or not lethal force was justified in the circumstances. The argument will NOT be over whether the projectiles were lethal. If the fellow is dead, obviously they were. From the point of view of the justification of self defense, lethal force is lethal force is lethal force. A .22 that kills a man is no different in the eyes of the law than a .50 BMG that kills a man.

I have also heard arguments that handloads should not be used because it is too difficult to recreate the facts and circumstances of the shooting using forensic ballistic evidence. However, there are two problems with this concern. First of all, whether in civil or criminal court it is the burden of the other side to build a case against you. If your handloads are too variable to generate reliable data regarding such matters as how far away the victim was, what direction he had turned when shoot, etc., then THEY CANNOT BUILD A CASE IN THE FIRST PLACE. However, if you keep good records of you handloads I can see no reason why basic forensic evidence could not be obtained and reproduced with them. They are no different from factory loads.

In addition, if a DA or plaintiff attorney is allowed to attack you for loading "extra deadly" ammunition, they would ALSO BE ALLOWED TO ATTACK YOUR CHOICE OF FACTORY AMMUNITION! So they could grill you for choosing to BUY "extra deadly" ammuntion, and having bought factory ammo would provide you with absolutely no protection. You will look in vain in the legal codes, caselaw or rules of evidence for ANY distinction between handloads and factory ammo. The only official distinction between the types actually comes from the internal rules of police agencies, which for PR and other reasons known only to themselves forbidden officers from using magnum rounds or handloads. But these rules do not apply outside the departments, and are pretty screwy to begin with as we all know.

LETHAL FORCE IS LETHAL FORCE. There is no such thing as "extra deadly" lethal force. The concept makes no sense at all. And of course under NO CIRCUMSTANCES should you EVER shoot someone and expect anything less than their death. If you use lethal force, whether a .45 or a spear, you will be under the same rules regarding whether such force was justified.

As has been pointed out many times in these threads over the years here and on TFL, there are no reported opinions even considering an effort to smear a civil or criminal defendant by citing his handloads. It simply never comes up. Which is a pretty good indication that this is a gun magazine myth, not a real legal concern. If you are faced with the need to defend yourself with lethal force, whether you use handloads or factory ammunition should be the LEAST of your concerns.

I am eager to see the long-awaited details from Mas on this issue.
 
I always use IA v. Willems when discussing this matter, because his was a classic case of how easy it is to get the forensic GSR evidence across to the jury, IF you use factory ammo. Police department records showed the lot number of the 9mm 115 grain +P+ he had been issued; exemplar testing showed the attacker to have been some 18" off the muzzle of the Beretta 92 when he was shot; and this disproved the alleged "victim's" testimony that he had been far out of reach of the officer and no danger to him when he was injured. We won acquittal for Randy at the criminal trial, and we won a total defense verdict for him and his department in the civil lawsuit trial which followed.

There is no reason I can see why the same expert who uses exemplars from a factory batch cannot also use exemplar handloads with the same equipment and measurements the defendant used, if GSR is an issue. The burn rates and properties of storebought powder are also well established, and the rest of the rounds in the firearm or in the case can be pulled apart and analyzed to verify the shooter's account in the unlikely event it becomes an issue.

It's gunshot residue. Trouble with a factory dupe handload is same as any other handload: they're unlikely to take your word as to what was in the round, but they can't play that card if you used factory ammo.

If they don't believe you about that, then you have bigger problems since that same jury is going to decide whether your self defense justification is legit. You could also be lying to them about using a factory slug. Maybe you pulled the bullet, changed the charge, and pushed the bullet back in. If you keep good records of your handloads, these would certainly be admissible in court. Or are you claiming that the DA would then argue that you were somehow clever enough to run home after the shooting, cacluate the precise powder charge and type needed to create favorable GSA analysis in your favor, and then FORGE THE DATA in your handloading journal. Oh and quickly handload twenty or so UNFIRED rounds using this data, and replace the rest of the bullets in your piece with these legally favorable handloads? All before the cops arrive? Give me a break.

It was defeated, thanks to an able defense lawyer and excellent expert testimony by Jim Cirillo. However, it was also a battle that wouldn't have had to be fought if factory ammo had been used...

How so? If the attorney can argue handloads are extra deadly lethal force, then he'd be able to argue you INTENTIONALLY PURCHASED extra deadly lethal bullets. He could, for example, have loads of fun mocking your decision to buy so-called "safety slugs" that actually blew up in the victim.

Mas, I appreciate your comments but it really seems to me that you are viewing this as a lay person, not as an attorney. HOWEVER, I think you make an excellent point regarding the ACTUAL NEED for handloading ammunition, esp. for handguns. A few decades ago the choices and options for HP and SP handgun ammo were dismal. Now there is a huge selection for all major cartridges and even for more obscure rounds. It's really not worth the shooter's time to labor over a custom self defense load when one can be purchased so much more easily off the shelf that will proabably work better anyway.

The only firearms I load self defense rounds for are my rifles, simply because no factory makes self defense ammunition for Mosin-Nagants. I am confident my rounds can pass muster in the unlikely event I actually have to use them in self defense. The data is not only in my load books, it's on line and in the many other rounds from the same batches. If my expert can't figure out the burn rate of 45 grains of 3031--one of the oldest smokeless powders on the planet--out of a known cartridge with a known bullet and a known rifle, then I need a new expert!
 
Thanks Cosmoline...I am almost ready to vote on this subject...:) I haven't voted yet because of decisions, decisions........:D

My two .38 Specials used for house defence are loaded with handloads of maximum +P 140 grain HP...I believe I'll keep-em that way. I, too, have had problems with factory ammunition going bang and one that went BOOM...
 
Thanks to everyone for the input. And, I must admit to having been ignorant of the GSR issue in court.

But, after mulling it over, is it only that GSR would not be admissable AT ALL that handloads are frowned upon? Or, are they trying to say that if a real 'flame thrower' load was used it would create the same GSR patterns as a milder load at reduced distance? So, in effect, you could shoot someone much farther away and yet claim he/she was closer and posing additional threat? But, if that is the case, aren't we talking about a few feet of difference? If the BG is armed with a firearm, that should have NO influence on the situation. A knife would maybe be another story.....

Seems to me that all this discussion really points out the need for Quality Legal Council if you are subjected to trial as the methods of prosecution are all debunkable if properly defended.....and....you are actually innocent.

But, the point of using Factory loads removing one of the potential arguments of the prosecution is well taken and appreciated.

Not trying to be stubborn here, but my handloads are staying in the pistol as they have proven to be reliable in it and, in the infinitessimal chance I ever need to use them against someone, I'll just have to deal with the possible additional legal complications.
 
RecoilRob...Just my (notsohumble) opinion. If a person is headed in my direction with a knife and I have determined that he intends to use said knife on me. I REALLY don't care how far away he is...I'll shoot to kill. I'd rather have him down at 25 yards then 1 or 2 feet away...Knives hurt!!:fire: By the way. Your thoughts look good to me.

Merry Christmas to you and yours....:)
 
It's also worth remembering that where you live is a vastly more important issue in self defense shootings than what you shoot. Some parts of the US are essentially foreign territory. You can expected to get arrested and put on trial if you have to shoot someone in NYC or Chicago, for example. You can also expect the police and court system to be deeply corrupt and unfair to you. The answer is to simply avoid those places because nothing you do or don't do will make any difference in your case. In their view, no "civilian" has any right to defend himself.
 
Cosmoline said:
There is no reason I can see why the same expert who uses exemplars from a factory batch cannot also use exemplar handloads with the same equipment and measurements the defendant used, if GSR is an issue. The burn rates and properties of storebought powder are also well established, and the rest of the rounds in the firearm or in the case can be pulled apart and analyzed to verify the shooter's account in the unlikely event it becomes an issue.



If they don't believe you about that, then you have bigger problems since that same jury is going to decide whether your self defense justification is legit. You could also be lying to them about using a factory slug. Maybe you pulled the bullet, changed the charge, and pushed the bullet back in. If you keep good records of your handloads, these would certainly be admissible in court. Or are you claiming that the DA would then argue that you were somehow clever enough to run home after the shooting, cacluate the precise powder charge and type needed to create favorable GSA analysis in your favor, and then FORGE THE DATA in your handloading journal. Oh and quickly handload twenty or so UNFIRED rounds using this data, and replace the rest of the bullets in your piece with these legally favorable handloads? All before the cops arrive? Give me a break.



How so? If the attorney can argue handloads are extra deadly lethal force, then he'd be able to argue you INTENTIONALLY PURCHASED extra deadly lethal bullets. He could, for example, have loads of fun mocking your decision to buy so-called "safety slugs" that actually blew up in the victim.

Mas, I appreciate your comments but it really seems to me that you are viewing this as a lay person, not as an attorney. HOWEVER, I think you make an excellent point regarding the ACTUAL NEED for handloading ammunition, esp. for handguns. A few decades ago the choices and options for HP and SP handgun ammo were dismal. Now there is a huge selection for all major cartridges and even for more obscure rounds. It's really not worth the shooter's time to labor over a custom self defense load when one can be purchased so much more easily off the shelf that will proabably work better anyway.

The only firearms I load self defense rounds for are my rifles, simply because no factory makes self defense ammunition for Mosin-Nagants. I am confident my rounds can pass muster in the unlikely event I actually have to use them in self defense. The data is not only in my load books, it's on line and in the many other rounds from the same batches. If my expert can't figure out the burn rate of 45 grains of 3031--one of the oldest smokeless powders on the planet--out of a known cartridge with a known bullet and a known rifle, then I need a new expert!

Thanks for your many good points, Cosmoline. However, I'd like to respectfully debate a few of them.

First, I don't take the viewpoint of layman OR attorney. My viewpoint comes from experience as the witness brought in to explain things like why certain ammunition does not constitute malicious intent.

The overwhelming majority of attorneys advise us not to speak in great detail to investigators in the immediate aftermath of shooting a criminal suspect. I would give the same advice. Discussion of the handload would probably come from client to defense lawyer and thence to prosecutor and investigators. There is a good chance that it would be some time after the fact before this information was submitted. By contrast, the medical examiner's office, crime lab, and investigators may well have determined GSR in a matter of hours.

By that time, there will indeed be time enough for a defendant to either put loads together after the fact to submit, or to steer officers to a box he already knew would produce more or less GSR to suit his purposes. The fact that it was a clean shoot, as you and I both know, will be irrelevant if it's a political prosecution or a money-hungry lawsuit.

If there's a chance of this happening and muddying the waters, obscuring a truth that favors the shooter, why should we take the risk at all?

Counselor, is it safe to say that the fewer battles your client needs you to fight for him, the less chance there is of him losing one?

As you pointed out, there is no actual NEED for a handload over a factory load in a modern defense gun in a common caliber. Why trade something for nothing, in this case, taking on the risk of opposing counsel casting doubt upon the evidence without getting any tactical advantage (street OR court) in return?

Thanks for your contribution, sir.
 
Thanks for the feedback Mas.

If they are really coming after you, you can expect the police in most jurisdictions (even here) to search your home and take all firearms and ammunition as evidence. So they'll have your handloads. In addition, they will have any additional magazines or speedloaders from that batch which you had on you at the time of the shooting.

I can see some rare cases where the issue comes up and in hindsight factory loads would have made things easier. But there are dozens of other issues far more significant. For example, were you facing imminent death or great bodily harm? Did your bullets hit the front and go out the back, or hit the back and go out the front? Did you draw first and fire first? Was their a deadly weapon on the person you shot?

It seems like this issue started with some concerns Mas raised, and then took on a life of its own online. It got to a point a few years ago where avoidance of handloads seemed to be looming as a major factor in the self defense analysis.

What I would say is you're probably better off buying high-quality factory loads for your self defense handgun because of the risk that you may squish a primer or load a squib. Maybe it's only one in one thousand, but that's still too high. I'd also agree that if you *DO* need to use handloads, make your choices with care, record them carefully, weigh your powder for each round and be prepared to defend your choices. Don't just throw something together and forget what it was or why you decided to create it. That's a bad idea all around.

For example, I came up with my self defense Mosin handloads because the existing SP rounds for that cartridge are moose or bear rounds that may not expand reliably against a man at close range and pose an undue overpenetration risk. I have selected 123 grain SP AK bullets backed by 45 grains of IMR 3031 because that load is exceptionally accurate and is cooking along so fast it stands a much better chance of expanding reliably and losing its energy in the intended target than the big bear rounds. I would not have a problem defending that in an Alaska court in the unlikely event it came up.
 
[QUOTE=Cosmoline

I can see some rare cases where the issue comes up and in hindsight factory loads would have made things easier. But there are dozens of other issues far more significant. For example, were you facing imminent death or great bodily harm? Did your bullets hit the front and go out the back, or hit the back and go out the front? Did you draw first and fire first? Was their a deadly weapon on the person you shot?

It seems like this issue started with some concerns Mas raised, and then took on a life of its own online. It got to a point a few years ago where avoidance of handloads seemed to be looming as a major factor in the self defense analysis.

What I would say is you're probably better off buying high-quality factory loads for your self defense handgun because of the risk that you may squish a primer or load a squib. Maybe it's only one in one thousand, but that's still too high. I'd also agree that if you *DO* need to use handloads, make your choices with care, record them carefully, weigh your powder for each round and be prepared to defend your choices. Don't just throw something together and forget what it was or why you decided to create it. That's a bad idea all around.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Many thanks, Cosmoline.

I agree with you that it's not the major concern. I tell my students that equipment selection is about fourth down on the list of priorities of survival -- below awareness and preparedness, tactics, and skill at arms -- but definitely on the list, and one of the few things we can get squared away BEFORE the fight, so it makes sense to address the matter.

I agree with you that ammunition selection is well down in importance below the core justifiability elements, the fine points of retreat requirements in the given jurisdiction, and a host of other factors that impact the aftermath of the decision to use deadly force. The point I tried to make was that it IS a factor that can and HAS come up, and it IS a factor we can control before the fight (in this case, the one in court as opposed to the one in the street) and that we're foolish if we don't address it now, beforehand, while we have time.

I also agree with you that it took on a life of its own. I suspect it had as much to do with personalities as issues, but that may just be human nature.

Thanks again for your input, some of the most cogent of this long debate. A safe and happy holiday season to you, and to all reading this.

-- Mas
 
First, Merry Christmas to everyone. Second, while every one has commented on their feelings about carrying hand loaded ammunition, no one has commented on home assembled or modified handguns.

I like to tinker, and as we all know, Gov't model clones are tinker traps.

SIGs, in my experience, are the best stock out of the box pistols ever.

Last night, I was carrying a SIG P245, loaded with Federal HS.

I would feel as confident with my home assembled Doublestar .45. Possibly, just a little bit more confident. (I can actually hit a little better with it, but of course it is noticeably larger and heavier, so this is not surprizing.)

Have there been any cases involving modified or home assembled handguns, or for that matter, long guns? I bet that Mech-Tech owners would really like to know, among others.:)
 
I forgot to add this one little bit. Many people, gurus and otherwise, suggest carrying what the local police issue.

Some times this cartridge is going to be LEO only. Now, I realize that this is a marketing and tax distinction.

However, will jurors look at it this way? It seems like it would be very easy for a zealous prosecutor to say "This man chose ammunition which the manufacturer had prohibited to sale for any but LEO!.

Then again, what is my local police? I live in a small town of a 1000 population. Not sure what the chief of police carries, but when I go to work I am in another town. Not sure what they carry either. Then there are the State Police, and the sheriff's deputies. Not sure what they carry either. Which one do I choose?

I have always been leary of lawyers making statements about a person's intentions anyway. I have seen this occur in several cases, and it always seemed to be wrong to me. I guess that is why we have a jury system.
 
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