If I remember right, the .38Spl GP's were for export and some stayed here. There was a legal reason why they were so-chambered and not .357's. Yes, the guns are the same. No, despite the cries of the safety police, it is perfectly safe to fire any .38-44 load in any .357Mag. It is also perfectly safe to do so in various .38Spl's. Like the original .38-44HD, Colt SAA's and New Service revolvers, USFA's, etc.. The folks that 'know' have been doing this for decades without incident. It seems it's only those who have never done and would never do it who are the loudest.
It's also worthy of note that some bullets do not fit in some cylinders when loaded in .357 cases. Like the 173gr Keith bullet in K-frames.
Personally, I'd rather think for myself than blindly adhere to safety rules written by lawyers for the sake of liability.