After the Doc put me on blood thinners and anticoagulants 14 months ago, I found my 30-06 would leave me with painful bruises after only three shots. I opted to try a Caldwell shoulder pad. It worked fine for several more shots, but still wasn't quite what I wanted. It wouldn't stay in place and after about a dozen shots or so, I still got a bruise right in the shoulder pocket. Not good when I want to test several new loads.
Next, I put on a Limbsaver slip-on butt pad. What a difference! . By itself, it is plenty for most casual shooting, hunting, and zeroing the rifle. Used together with the shoulder pad, I can shoot all day in comfort. I use this combo when I am working up a bunch of new loads.
When bench shooting for zero or load testing, I use sandbags after my friend's walnut stocked model 700 cracked at the tang on a LeadSled