If you're just curious, then I would start looking to make a list of leveraction rifles which have been produced. Then expand the list by researching for what cartridges each respective model has been chambered. In parallel, research custom riflesmiths for these models and further expand the list by including the cartridges for which they have converted different leverguns.
It's going to be a much, much larger list than most folks would assume.
And then if a guy considers what cartridges COULD be chambered, even if they have not been so already, I think you'll find the exercise is pretty exhausting...
Now... If a guy wants to compile a list of levergun chamberings available on the market (meaning current production or effectively post-WWII, smokeless powder levergun chamberings), that list is remarkably shorter than that which I described above.