I am currently shooting 45 gr. of Pyrodex P and a 200 gr. conical with an Ox Yoke wad...The wad is probably uneeded, but I feel it is helping to keep fowling soft. Though it is 5 gr. over max. recomended chargethere are no signs of problems. Caps are somewhat fragmenting, but not jamming into areas they should'nt. My cylinder is definitely unmodified, and I hear Mike Clements can bore the cylinder to hold another 5-7 standing gr. of powder! As of right now, the gun will easily hold another 3 gr of powder...This would take the bullets just below the face of the cylinder(which Ruger says is acceptable with black powder, not Pyrodex). I'm not trying to be ignorant here, but to unlock the potential of the gun. It is documented that Bill Ruger drilled out the nipples and filled a cylinder full of bullseye smokeless(Never Should Smokeless Powder Be Used in Any Black Powder Gun!) To do so would turn it into a grenade I guess the point I'm trying to make is that the OLD ARMY withstood that kind of pressure, and I know tha even tho hotter powder substitutes cant generate that kind of power.