Idahohuner,
Based on your location, I'd think there is a strong possibility you'd eventually want to hunt mule deer and maybe elk. For this reason, I'd consider 7mm-08/.270 as a minimum. I'd look at getting a 7mm-08, .270, .308 or 30-06 and shoot Remington managed recoil ammunition for a few years, being mindful to not shoot at any deer greater than 200 yards or so away (which you probably shouldn't be doing anyway, without a lot of practice). Buy an adult sized rifle from a common manufacturer (for ease of finding aftermarket parts) and throw a youth stock with a good quality recoil pad on it sized to fit your LOP (lenght of pull). Now you have a rifle you can grow with and which will be useful for multiple kinds of big game. As you get older and larger, put the adult stock back on and start using standard powered ammunition. Oh, and budget $200 minimum for a decent scope. You can't hit what you can't see!
I hunt whitetail with a 7mm-08 and it drops them like the Hammer of Thor! I generally use 140gr Remington Corelokts, but for shooting at longer ranges I'd probably look into the Hornady 139gr light magnums. The Nosler Partition is designed for heavier muscled and thicker boned animals like elk and would probably be somewhat inferior to a standard soft point or ballistic tip for smaller, lighter game like whitetail (too much penetration, less expansion). On the other hand, a Nosler Partition or Barnes TSX would be a good choice for elk, moose and maybe larger mule deer.