Reloading for a Mini-14

westernrover

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May 4, 2018
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As an experienced reloader, I'm not under the delusion that reloading "saves money." If I really wanted to save money shooting this cartridge, I should have just kept buying M193 and let no other thought enter my mind. Neither am I under the delusion that a Mini-14 is a precision rifle with which I can chase tenths of an MOA with bench rest quality match ammo. Even so, I did it. I haven't thought of a good reason why, yet.

Tools
I bought the top-end dies from Redding, a carbide button, a SAC bushing, shellholder, Wilson trimmer holder, and Lee primer pocket swager. They're being shipped. So, I haven't done any reloading for this cartridge yet. I know the cool kids use mandrels, but I didn't want to add a die and press handle stroke, so I got the button.

Bullets
I've been considering bullets and powders (see another recent thread). With the 1:9 twist, I'm looking at bullets 55 and 62 gr. since those are the popular mid-weights. I could probably shoot the 69 gr. RMR 3GH, but from what I've seen, OTM-style bullets need about 77 grains before they penetrate well. I needn't be concerned with terminal effectiveness of target ammo, but if the 55 gr. FMJ costs less and does it all, why stock anything else other than an addition of a modest quantity of much more costly bonded or mono expanding bullets? I did order some lead-free frangibles for Urban Rifle at Thunder Ranch, but since I spent the tuition money on reloading, I might never go. For FMJ, I'm leaning toward Everglades Version 2.

Accuracy
I shot some sight-in targets at 100 yards with LC M193 and M855. I wanted to get a bigger sample, but the front scope ring came loose and ruined the rest of the results before I knew what had happened. I used the remainder of the afternoon session to zero the Tech Sight before a thunderstorm hit. Ultimately, I'll be using a red dot or the Tech Sight. I only temporarily fitted a 1.5-5x20 optic to see what it could do. I've been told not to expect much from a Mini-14 or LC ammo in terms of accuracy, but the results with M193 aren't that disappointing. I was shooting off a Lifetime table with only a front bag. I haven't a bipod adapter for the Mini, so I'm using my rear bag under the fore-end. The rear bag doesn't really work under the folding stock anyway.

PXL-20230611-050006405-Copy.jpg
^ Half-inch squares

PXL-20230611-050027873-Copy.jpg
Blue group is after moving the reticle 1 MOA left.

The Mini-14 Trigger
This Mini-14 is a late-model, series 584x, bought new this year. The trigger is 6.5#. There is take-up and then a relatively heavy (6.5# on Lyman guage), but smooth slide to release the sear. I could reduce the secondary sear spring weight, but this won't be a benchrest rifle, so it's fine where it is if I practice good trigger control.

Brass
The Mini-14 trashed my hope of using the LC brass. I suppose the high pressure it's loaded to also contributes to the damage. I use a Wilson Combat buffer pad on the guide rod. I don't have an adjustable gas block, nor do I especially want one. As it is, it doesn't eject the brass more than 3 to 5 yards, but it scratches and dents every piece. Maybe if I reloaded the damaged LC brass to lower pressure, it would push the dents out and I'd have consistent case volume for the third load. Otherwise, I'm going to have to buy new brass or brass fired in another chamber and fire it in my chamber before I'll have a supply of fireformed brass. This gives new meaning to the old adage that reloading doesn't save money, but it means you shoot more. "I'm going to the range to fireform some brass." I saw some Starline for 27 cents, but maybe I should just buy fired LC for 15 cents since I'll have the pocket swager.

image-Copy.jpg

Velocity
I measured the LC M193 at 5-shot averages of 3055 and 3044 fps with SD's of 20 and 16 out of the 16.5" barrel. I pulled one and measured 28.1 grains of WC844. The LC M855 had 27.3 grains. I didn't get measurements for M855 with the chronograph. I only bought one box and probably won't buy any more.

Goals
It's hard to see a meaningful difference in cost or accuracy that I could make with handloads over M193. Because my original intention was to have a store of a few thousand pieces and not just reload the same 100 cases over and over again, the cost of brass is going to burn me, especially since it looks like all the LC brass will be damaged after the first firing. I still have hope of getting a satisfying result from developing a load for this rifle, but it may just be a fool's errand.
 
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I have a newer mini. It's pretty darn accurate too. I can hit clays set up ay 200 yards. I find Ramshot tac to work the best for mine. I run a Burris scope on mine.
 
Because my original intention was to have a store of a few thousand pieces and not just reload the same 100 cases over and over again, the cost of brass is going to burn me, especially since it looks like all the LC brass will be damaged after the first firing. I still have hope of getting a satisfying result from developing a load for this rifle, but it may just be a fool's errand.

You might want to look into gas bushings. They can do almost the same thing as an adjustable gas block, with no visible modifications at a smaller price.
Mine drops undented brass 4-6 feet from the shooting position.

https://www.ruger-mini-14-firearms.com/Gas-Reduction-Bushing-Kit.php
 
Yes i agree on the gas bushings. I installed the .045 one. The .040 the brass didn't always eject. The ones that did landed on the bench next to me. The .045 they go about 10 feet.
 
I always thought the sights on Mini-14s were facing the wrong way. The BC of empty brass is pretty low though. I’ve seen someone shoot a Mini-14 off Station 2 at the local range and throw brass into the grass beyond Station 6.

That aside, I wouldn’t mind having one. Tech Sights and 2 MOA or so would be ok for my purposes. Besides it’s nice to cover North and East at the same time with each trigger pull.
 
You might want to look into gas bushings. They can do almost the same thing as an adjustable gas block, with no visible modifications at a smaller price.
Mine drops undented brass 4-6 feet from the shooting position.

https://www.ruger-mini-14-firearms.com/Gas-Reduction-Bushing-Kit.php

Gas bushings in my mini30 saved my brass! Since I had to pull the gas block to swap bushings, I also lapped the gas block mating surfaces and properly torqued the gas block screws.
 
As an experienced reloader, I'm not under the delusion that reloading "saves money." If I really wanted to save money shooting this cartridge, I should have just kept buying M193 and let no other thought enter my mind. Neither am I under the delusion that a Mini-14 is a precision rifle with which I can chase tenths of an MOA with bench rest quality match ammo. Even so, I did it. I haven't thought of a good reason why, yet.

Tools
I bought the top-end dies from Redding, a carbide button, a SAC bushing, shellholder, Wilson trimmer holder, and Lee primer pocket swager. They're being shipped. So, I haven't done any reloading for this cartridge yet. I know the cool kids use mandrels, but I didn't want to add a die and press handle stroke, so I got the button.

Bullets
I've been considering bullets and powders (see another recent thread). With the 1:9 twist, I'm looking at bullets 55 and 62 gr. since those are the popular mid-weights. I could probably shoot the 69 gr. RMR 3GH, but from what I've seen, OTM-style bullets need about 77 grains before they penetrate well. I needn't be concerned with terminal effectiveness of target ammo, but if the 55 gr. FMJ costs less and does it all, why stock anything else other than an addition of a modest quantity of much more costly bonded or mono expanding bullets? I did order some lead-free frangibles for Urban Rifle at Thunder Ranch, but since I spent the tuition money on reloading, I might never go. For FMJ, I'm leaning toward Everglades Version 2.

Accuracy
I shot some sight-in targets at 100 yards with LC M193 and M855. I wanted to get a bigger sample, but the front scope ring came loose and ruined the rest of the results before I knew what had happened. I used the remainder of the afternoon session to zero the Tech Sight before a thunderstorm hit. Ultimately, I'll be using a red dot or the Tech Sight. I only temporarily fitted a 1.5-5x20 optic to see what it could do. I've been told not to expect much from a Mini-14 or LC ammo in terms of accuracy, but the results with M193 aren't that disappointing. I was shooting off a Lifetime table with only a front bag. I haven't a bipod adapter for the Mini, so I'm using my rear bag under the fore-end. The rear bag doesn't really work under the folding stock anyway.

View attachment 1156255
^ Half-inch squares

View attachment 1156256
Blue group is after moving the reticle 1 MOA left.

The Mini-14 Trigger
This Mini-14 is a late-model, series 584x, bought new this year. The trigger is 6.5#. There is take-up and then a relatively heavy (6.5# on Lyman guage), but smooth slide to release the sear. I could reduce the secondary sear spring weight, but this won't be a benchrest rifle, so it's fine where it is if I practice good trigger control.

Brass
The Mini-14 trashed my hope of using the LC brass. I suppose the high pressure it's loaded to also contributes to the damage. I use a Wilson Combat buffer pad on the guide rod. I don't have an adjustable gas block, nor do I especially want one. As it is, it doesn't eject the brass more than 3 to 5 yards, but it scratches and dents every piece. Maybe if I reloaded the damaged LC brass to lower pressure, it would push the dents out and I'd have consistent case volume for the third load. Otherwise, I'm going to have to buy new brass or brass fired in another chamber and fire it in my chamber before I'll have a supply of fireformed brass. This gives new meaning to the old adage that reloading doesn't save money, but it means you shoot more. "I'm going to the range to fireform some brass." I saw some Starline for 27 cents, but maybe I should just buy fired LC for 15 cents since I'll have the pocket swager.

View attachment 1156257

Velocity
I measured the LC M193 at 5-shot averages of 3055 and 3044 fps with SD's of 20 and 16 out of the 16.5" barrel. I pulled one and measured 28.1 grains of WC844. The LC M855 had 27.3 grains. I didn't get measurements for M855 with the chronograph. I only bought one box and probably won't buy any more.

Goals
It's hard to see a meaningful difference in cost or accuracy that I could make with handloads over M193. Because my original intention was to have a store of a few thousand pieces and not just reload the same 100 cases over and over again, the cost of brass is going to burn me, especially since it looks like all the LC brass will be damaged after the first firing. I still have hope of getting a satisfying result from developing a load for this rifle, but it may just be a fool's errand.
His name is Harvey. The giant rabbit you’re chasing. I hear he’s very nice, if you can catch him.
The deficiencies of the Mini 14 are many but there’s nothing wrong with the platform. It’s certainly a capable action. As far as I know, the thin barrel and sighting system are the hardest to get past. Having said that, for coyotes and pigs at 50yds and less, they are perfectly fine from the box.
Good luck and say Hi to Elwood. He and Harvey usually bum around together.
 
the dent is from the handle on the operating rod hitting the brass as it ejects. the scratches on my Mini-14 brass were from the bolt, there were a couple burrs and polishing them up cured the score marks on every case.
 
I hadn't considered a gas bushing. I suppose I could use a reduced bushing for the high-pressure NATO ammo to save the brass, and then swap it back out if my handloads end up having lower gas port pressure. I wonder if it wouldn't be easier to swap in a Wolff extra-power guide spring. Ultimately, I want the rifle gassed to work with my handloads and still function with NATO-spec ammo. I won't know how much I can reduce the gas or increase the guide spring pressure until I have my load. I'd like to find something that could save the brass in the meantime.
 
the dent is from the handle on the operating rod hitting the brass as it ejects. the scratches on my Mini-14 brass were from the bolt, there were a couple burrs and polishing them up cured the score marks on every case.



Maybe I should just put a piece of rubber hose on the op-handle and see if it will save the brass.

I think where it is hitting in the video is on the square edge of the handle behind the ejection port.
 
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I know 223/5.56 is not the same as 7.62x39. But in my Mini30 a new gas bushing kept factory and reloaded brass out of the blackberry bush 10 ft away from the firing line. Brass wasn't beat up, and the only noticable difference between Israeli and Prvi ammo on one hand, and reloads on the other, was whether the brass dropped at 1 o'clock or 3 o'clock.
 
I put a small piece of Velcro (soft side) on the square edge of the handle temporarily and it’s still there, works great no more dents.
 
I hadn't considered a gas bushing. I suppose I could use a reduced bushing for the high-pressure NATO ammo to save the brass, and then swap it back out if my handloads end up having lower gas port pressure. I wonder if it wouldn't be easier to swap in a Wolff extra-power guide spring. Ultimately, I want the rifle gassed to work with my handloads and still function with NATO-spec ammo. I won't know how much I can reduce the gas or increase the guide spring pressure until I have my load. I'd like to find something that could save the brass in the meantime.

No need to swap bushings back an forth. Mine ejects hand loads fine. And i don't load at the top of data. If a load calls for 21-24 grains. I load at 22 as an example. I get the ejection at 1-3:00 too with hand loads. I haven't shot factory loads in it with the bushing.
 
Great bullets first-
Sierra 69 gr bullet # 1380. Or the Nosler 55 gr #39526

Prep LC brass first, then sort by weight. IMR 4198 powder or others.

If groups are not great, then shoot the cheapest components you can find. Mini -14s are not known for great accuracy. Good luck.
 
No point in getting top end dies, especially for a mini14.
Definitely need a trimmer.

The one think it looks like you have to have if you want to reload your own brass is an adjustable gas system or smaller gas bushing. There's no reason a mini14 should beat up brass that badly.
I would say don't fire it anymore until you get a gas bushing.

Forget about using wc844.

You can get decent accuracy from a mini14. The 2 secrets are:
1, faster burning powder then what's typically used.
2 a trigger job.
That 6lb trigger is opening up groups at least an inch at 100yd.
3rd bonus secret, sbr it and chop the barrel if you are willing to go that way.
My best mini14 loads for M193 use about a start to middle load of H322 and a max load of RE7.
The problem I had with RE7 is I was a bit over max, starting to see over pressure signs and it still doesn't want to cycle a semi auto mini14 or AR15. But it's the perfect bolt gun silencer load. RE7 loaded ammo would probably run fine in that hellishly over gassed mini14 you have.

Trying to get full power 5.56 ammo in a full size mini14 to make good accuracy is a waste of time.

https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/eureka-the-mini14-load.905708/
 
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My buddies Mini 14 is not only more accurate than my “Ranch” Mini 14 it also doesn’t throw its brass into the next county.

The incorporated scope mounts are the only thing I like better on the Ranch versions.
 
I can hit the six inch metal target with my Mini all day long. I soft of did a trigger job. New springs and polish only. Swapped out the bushing and added a buffer. I shoot M855 ammo that I took apart and dropped the load by 10%. Long story.

It flies under the radar where I live. So it makes a fun rifle. Have my 6.8 and 30 as well. The Mini is what the Mini is, a fun carbine.
 
No point in getting top end dies, especially for a mini14.

Definitely need a trimmer.

The one think it looks like you have to have if you want to reload your own brass is an adjustable gas system or smaller gas bushing. There's no reason a mini14 should beat up brass that badly.
I would say don't fire it anymore until you get a gas bushing.

Forget about using wc844.

You can get decent accuracy from a mini14. The 2 secrets are:
1, faster burning powder then what's typically used.

...

My best mini14 loads for M193 use about a start to middle load of H322 and a max load of RE7.
The problem I had with RE7 is I was a bit over max, starting to see over pressure signs and it still doesn't want to cycle a semi auto mini14 or AR15. But it's the perfect bolt gun silencer load. RE7 loaded ammo would probably run fine in that hellishly over gassed mini14 you have.

Trying to get full power 5.56 ammo in a full size mini14 to make good accuracy is a waste of time.

https://www.thehighroad.org/index.php?threads/eureka-the-mini14-load.905708/


Why is fast powder better? That was the question I asked in another recent thread, but I didn't get an answer. Why H322? Why reduced power?
 
I found some 55 grain bullets, and it's looking like that's where I'll be for a while. So I considered what appears to be conventional wisdom to use faster powders like H335 or 8202, or even faster powders like H322 or A2015. I still don't understand why those would be more accurate. I wondered if a faster powder would drive the action less, so I checked it out according to Quickload. It looks like a comparable load (similar MAP) of fast powder like H322 only reduces the pressure at the gas port by about 10% versus a slower powder like CFE223. The reason is the gas port is pretty close to the chamber -- about 8" -- so the pressure is going to be a large portion of the MAP regardless of the powder. Consider that an AR-15's port is 50% farther from the chamber on a rifle-length action. Compare a 10% reduction in pressure from powder burn rate to a reduction of 65% in the area of the gas port between the stock 0.85" bushing to the largest aftermarket reduced bushing of 0.50". This isn't to say that the load can't reduce gas pressure, but to have much effect, the chamber pressure will have to be significantly reduced. Not much can be accomplished simply by the pressure drop at the port from a faster burning powder.
 
I put a small piece of Velcro (soft side) on the square edge of the handle temporarily and it’s still there, works great no more dents.

I found some sew-on velcro, so I stuck some of the loop side over that square edge with some cyanoacrylate. I'll see how it does. I wonder why I couldn't just grind the corner flat, put a bevel on the right-angle edge. I don't really want to have my operating rod crack and have to source a new one though. I'll see if the improvised pad saves damage to the brass.
 
My most accurate AR15 rifle load uses about a max charge of Leverevolution and 69gr rmr bullet. Leverevolution is really close to cfe223. My mini14 does not like those at all.

Why is fast powder better? That was the question I asked in another recent thread, but I didn't get an answer. Why H322? Why reduced power?
That's just what mini14s tends to like.
A start to mid load of H322 in a mini14 has worked since the mid 1990s, it also works great in a AR15 carbine. AR15 rifles don't care for the mild H322 load, they shoot straight, just don't all cycle all the time.
 
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My most accurate AR15 rifle load uses about a max charge of Leverevolution and 69gr rmr bullet. Leverevolution is really close to cfe223. My mini14 does not like those at all.


That's just what mini14s tends to like.
A start to mid load of H322 in a mini14 has worked since the mid 1990s, it also works great in a AR15 carbine. AR15 rifles don't care for the mild H322 load, they shoot straight, just don't cycle.
So with that faster powder are you using something like a 52smk?
 
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