Soviet rounds myth vs reality

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Another foible re: case material preference & cost could be manufacture. I can only assume --not a tool & die man-- that setting up to draw brass coins into cases is a bit easier & cheaper from a tooling perspective than steel cases --provided you're in a situation to even choose to use brass. Copper is valuable, so in an impoverished environment with little Cu but tons of Fe, fuel oil, and man power to keep busy, steel cases might make a lot more sense. Similar to how much cheaper it is to machine aluminum parts on CNC vs. from steel, but only because we are awash in cheap highly-advanced materials like 7075 Aluminum bar and sintered Tungsten Carbide endmills. If we were stuck with HSS, manual machines, and a poor electrical grid, CNC Aluminum is impractical for a host of reasons (can't make the material, can't run the mills reliably)

Besides, the Soviets were apparently incompetent at making brass cases, if my nasty, split-prone Polish 7.62x25 is any indication ;) (long-term brass embrittlement is a real thing, as is Soviet predilection to manufacture stuff specifically for storage; I would be surprised if steel has the same storage issues as brass, provided it is protected from oxygen)

TCB
 
This'll turn into a fight about whether or not jet fuel can melt steel cases now won't it?
 
Another foible re: case material preference & cost could be manufacture. I can only assume --not a tool & die man-- that setting up to draw brass coins into cases is a bit easier & cheaper from a tooling perspective than steel cases --provided you're in a situation to even choose to use brass. Copper is valuable, so in an impoverished environment with little Cu but tons of Fe, fuel oil, and man power to keep busy, steel cases might make a lot more sense. Similar to how much cheaper it is to machine aluminum parts on CNC vs. from steel, but only because we are awash in cheap highly-advanced materials like 7075 Aluminum bar and sintered Tungsten Carbide endmills. If we were stuck with HSS, manual machines, and a poor electrical grid, CNC Aluminum is impractical for a host of reasons (can't make the material, can't run the mills reliably)

Besides, the Soviets were apparently incompetent at making brass cases, if my nasty, split-prone Polish 7.62x25 is any indication ;) (long-term brass embrittlement is a real thing, as is Soviet predilection to manufacture stuff specifically for storage; I would be surprised if steel has the same storage issues as brass, provided it is protected from oxygen)

TCB

They just do it because it's cheap. Look at the surplus 5.45x39 at .14 cents per round, compared to .45 cents a round for XM855. That's over 300% more expensive, and the price of the 5.45 includes the cost to the distributor of having it shipped all the way from Russia. Who knows what the domestic price would be.

That's why I'm calling BS on the whole "it's not cost effective to switch to steel cases" routine we've been getting here. Yes, there's some initial cost involved, but that would be very quickly recovered. If the Army brass truly believed steel case ammo was okay, there would be a contract out for it tomorrow.
 
They just do it because it's cheap. Look at the surplus 5.45x39 at .14 cents per round, compared to .45 cents a round for XM855. That's over 300% more expensive, and the price of the 5.45 includes the cost to the distributor of having it shipped all the way from Russia. Who knows what the domestic price would be.

In that case I don't think the much cheaper price can be put down to the steel case alone.

A somewhat more fair comparison, Hornady gives these prices (MSRP):

BRASS CASE .223
75 gr Match (20 box): $1.28/round
55 gr FMJ/SP (50 box): $0.93/round


STEEL CASE .223
75 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.64/round
55 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.57/round


A retailer gives the following prices for the same products (ignoring sales and discounts).

BRASS CASE .223
75 gr Match (20 box): $0.93/round
55 gr FMJ/SP (50 box): $0.62/round

STEEL CASE .223
75 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.47/round
55 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.43/round
 
Those are still substantial savings, almost half. This is also from a company that charges 60 cents a round for steel case 5.45x39. Pretty outlandish if you ask me.

The main issue though is that you can't use the price of boutique ammo to project prices for mass produced military ammo. If XM855 were not so massively produced, and so ubiquitous, it would probably be well over a dollar per round, just like most other defensive bullets with limited appeal. But it's not; it's less than .50 cents a round. If mass produced with steel cases from now on, I don't see any reason why it couldn't be .25 cents per round or less. Switch to a steel jacket and the price comes down even more.

Maybe Trump can make a deal with Putin to manufacture our cases for us.:eek:
 
I say the Army test is bogus, you say the luckygunner test is bogus. We'll just have to agree to disagree on that. Again, though, the Army has a track record of coming up with really, really stupid stuff. Quite frankly, I don't think government testing should ever be taken seriously. If given the choice, I will take the privately conducted test as gospel compared to any similar Army testing.
See you read, but you do not comprehend.

I never said the Luckygunner test was bogus. I said that it does not prove that brass cases are better than steel cases. It proves that Federal ammo is better (in reliability terms) than BB, Wolf or Tula.

Hear what is being said, not what you want to hear.

Your words (emphasis added):
If you don't know enough about cannon design, you don't know anything about any firearm design. If you did, you would know they work the exact same, same physics, same equations, just bigger numbers.

As for cannons, I don't think you're going to find the same physics as an AR15. For one thing, the barrels are much longer, giving time for pressures to drop before extraction occurs, assuming that they're even gas operated in the first place. I know the 25mm Bushmaster doesn't use gas or recoil at all, so I doubt that pressure is a consideration for extraction on those. Since a motor is used to cycle the weapon, you can time the extraction any way you want. Again, your ignorance of this kind of stuff just goes to show why this discussion is so frustrating. You're using 25mm cases as evidence to prove the validity of steel 5.56 cases, when the platforms are from different worlds.
First you say:
I don't know enough about them to discuss their design details, much less the physics behind them.
But, now you know enough to tell me that I am not going to find the to find the same physics in an AR and a gas-operated 30mm cannon. And suddenly you know enough about it to tell me I don't know anything.

There are other 25mm cannon besides the M242 Bushmaster, you know.

A page ago, you didn't even know what the blish lock was, and now you're an expert on it? Good grief. I'm not here to argue the validity of the blish principle. I'm simply using it as an illustration of why brass is better for cases. As I said before, the reason you shouldn't use steel for cases is the same reason you shouldn't use steel for a blish lock in a Thompson.
Again, you don't read.

Quote me where I said I didn't know what the Blish principle was.

I said there was no such thing.

I know what a unicorn is, I also know that a unicorn doesn't exist.

Look, I've given you so much information as to exactly why steel cases don't work.
You have not provided any information on why steel cases won't work. You have not provided any data. You provide your opinion over and over. Just because you repeat yourself, doesn't make it true, nor does it make it 'information'.

Primarily, they don't seal the chamber well enough, so you get blowback onto the chamber walls. AND, they don't relax in response to a relative pressure drop like brass, making them very difficult to extract in a weapon like the AR15, especially if the barrel is under 20''.
If all that were gospel, then they should not work in an AK. Yet it does, and billions of steel cased rounds were expended by the Germans in WW2 from weapons with rougher actions than the short barrel AR without trouble (the MG34 and MG42).

I have several reports that give numbers and results that they do work reliabliy. And, I and a good number of people around here also used steel cases with no problem.


As for the luckygunner test, they tested each round separately, then compared it to a control. So essentially they did three different tests, then published the results as one study. You can balk all you want about it, but there's absolutely nothing wrong with that test, and there's absolutely nothing wrong with the steel cases in Wolf or Brown Bear.

Was the propellant the same? No.

Was the bullet the same? No.

Was the quality control the same? NO!

What caused the malfunctions? The quality, or the case? we don't know.

The test is a good test for what it was, a test of an American ammunition against cheap foreign ammunition. But, it does not answer the question of is all steel cased ammo inferior to all brass ammo.

So you have an independent, large scale test that contradicts the Army testing. My test is more recent, using more modern ammunition, is more expansive, and the people doing the test don't have a dog in the fight. And the results match the results of similar tests, as well as the overwhelming opinion of the shooting community at large.
A company that sells ammunition doesn't have "a dog in the fight"?

The results match what other tests?

The shooting community at large is buying an awful lot of steel ammunition, that why Wolf, Brown Bear and even Tula are importing it by the ton.

Essentially, it confirmed yet again what we already knew. Steel case 5.56 is less reliable. Period.
You have not provided any real information, other than your opinion and a few vague generalities, and a few straw man arguments to support your opinion.

You have confirmed nothing.
 
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They just do it because it's cheap. Look at the surplus 5.45x39 at .14 cents per round, compared to .45 cents a round for XM855. That's over 300% more expensive, and the price of the 5.45 includes the cost to the distributor of having it shipped all the way from Russia. Who knows what the domestic price would be.

That's why I'm calling BS on the whole "it's not cost effective to switch to steel cases" routine we've been getting here. Yes, there's some initial cost involved, but that would be very quickly recovered. If the Army brass truly believed steel case ammo was okay, there would be a contract out for it tomorrow.
Oh, now you are an expert on why the Russian Military does stuff too. And how much of a mark-up there is on US manufactured ammo.

(BTW - do you know how much the US Military pays per round? Not counting the M855A1, due to the expensive bullet? Hint, It's not as much as you pay at Sportsman's Guide.)

And, you also seem to know how much the cost of changing over a ammunition factory from brass production to steel.
 
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You know, arguing with you about this is like arguing with an anti-gun nut about gun-control - pointless.

- I have provided the results from people that test stuff for a living, and have done it for over 100 years, (APG, BRL, and ARL) that support my assertion.

- I have provided logical explanations for why things are done the way they are done, and why things are what they are, based on sound engineering and economic reasoning.

- I have explained why the one test you have does not prove what you think it proves.

YET-

- My reports are falsified, while offering no evidence that supports that claim (other that it must be, because it does not support your claim).

- You tell me I don't know what I am talking about, but you have admitted that you do not understand the underlying physics or engineering principles behind the subject.

- You do not (or cannot) refute my engineering or economic reasoning, but simply state that it is wrong.

- You continue to repeat your claim, over and over, in spite of facts and evidence to the contrary, yet I am the one being thick-headed.



Now, I remember why I shouldn't argue with idiots about subjects they know little or nothing about.

I guess I live in the hope of educating someone out there in internet-land, unfortunately, I probably won't be you.
 
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The luckygunner test says it all. You can balk all you want, but it was a well designed test using quality ammo. The powder in the Brown Bear and Wolf was clean, and the pressures were normal. And the cases came from ammo plants that have been specializing in steel ammunition since the dawn of time. If you think US manufacturers can do any better than that, then you're delusional. Furthermore, the control ammo used represents a pretty average standard for decent .223 cartridges. You can't tell me that it was some kind of super reliable ammo that doesn't represent the average brass cased .223 or 5.56 NATO, just as you can't say that the Wolf and Brown Bear represented unreliable examples of steel case .223.

I should also mention that luckygunner sells steel cased ammo, so they don't have any reason to try to disparage it. All in all, I would say that was one of the most professional, objective tests I've seen. You can nitpick it, but any rational, intellectually honest person has to conclude that the results are valid, and an accurate representation of the performance you're going to get out of steel .223.

You could repeat that test any way you want, but it's always going to be the same, or worse, unless you do something questionable, like use dirty control ammo. In fact, if you repeated the test with higher round counts, then it's likely that it would just look worse. How many rounds of brass would it take before a malfunction? 15,000, 20,000?

And again, the most common malfunctions with brass ammo are double feeds. Stuck cases are fairly rare in the overall scheme of things, at least with barrels 14.5'' and longer. Naturally, as barrel length goes down, your likelihood of extraction issues goes up. Yet, with steel cased .223, the most common malfunction by far was stuck cases. So it's not just the number of malfunctions that's important, but the type that was so revealing.

What I meant regarding 25mm cannons is, I don't know the numbers off the top of my head. Like I don't know the chamber pressure of the round, the length of the barrels, or where the gas port is located. I also don't know what the pressure levels are at any given point. These are things I'm familiar with regarding 5.56, so I know how they effect the reliability regarding extraction of spend cases.

What I will say, though, and what I thought I already said, is that the gas operated cannons which do exist have very long barrels. I'm thinking like well over 100 inches. Given the caliber (the diameter of the barrel), I would say that chamber pressures wouldn't be too high. So you've got a super long barrel with normal chamber pressures!

Okay, I couldn't help myself. I looked up the KBA, one of the few gas operated cannons I know of, and chamber pressures for it were 60,000 on the high side, and 50,000 on the low side. Barrel length was 114 inches. So yea, it's no wonder that steel cases work with it! With a barrel that long, you can delay extraction until the pressures have dropped. Add to that, the cases are huge, meaning very beefy rims and extractors. So you can extract at ideal pressures, plus you've got a very strong rim. That means you can use whatever force is necessary to extract, and have no chance of case head separation.

Again, the physics involved in cannons, even the gas operated ones, are so far removed from the AR15 that it's not even worth bringing into this discussion. And again, your willful ignorance of the issues surrounding this discussion are making it very difficult.
 
The luckygunner test says it all. You can balk all you want, but it was a well designed test using quality ammo.
Really? Tula is quality?

Look at the price per round of what they used, that tells a lot about the quality.

The powder in the Brown Bear and Wolf was clean, and the pressures were normal. And the cases came from ammo plants that have been specializing in steel ammunition since the dawn of time.
Did you actually read the Luckygunner article? Obviously not. Did you look at the pressure curves? they are completely different. The ammunition is not loaded to the same specification. It is not loaded with the same propellant. And other than the weigh of the bullet, they aren't the same (gilding metal vs steel jackets).

Tula has been making steel for a long time, too, you keep ignoring that fact but a quick search will find a lot of poor quality cases from Tula.

If you think US manufacturers can do any better than that, then you're delusional. Furthermore, the control ammo used represents a pretty average standard for decent .223 cartridges. You can't tell me that it was some kind of super reliable ammo that doesn't represent the average brass cased .223 or 5.56 NATO, just as you can't say that the Wolf and Brown Bear represented unreliable examples of steel case .223.
I gave facts from report that say we did. Several times. you refuse to believe them.

I should also mention that luckygunner sells steel cased ammo, so they don't have any reason to try to disparage it. All in all, I would say that was one of the most professional, objective tests I've seen. You can nitpick it, but any rational, intellectually honest person has to conclude that the results are valid, and an accurate representation of the performance you're going to get out of steel .223.
Now you are a testing expert as well?

Professional - yes.
Objective - yes.

But, it cannot and did not test steel cased ammunition against brass cased ammunition from the same factory, loaded to the same specifications and using the same quality assurances. Hell did you actually read the entire article? They stated that themselves!


You could repeat that test any way you want, but it's always going to be the same, or worse, unless you do something questionable, like use dirty control ammo. In fact, if you repeated the test with higher round counts, then it's likely that it would just look worse. How many rounds of brass would it take before a malfunction? 15,000, 20,000?
You could try and test ammunition loaded to the same specifications and using the same components other than the cases with the same level of quality assurances, and see what happens.

And again, the most common malfunctions with brass ammo are double feeds.
You have some evidence other than you stating it that? Not a week passes over on ARF.com that there isn't a string of threads describing other malfunctions that can be ammunition related.

Stuck cases are fairly rare in the overall scheme of things, at least with barrels 14.5'' and longer. Naturally, as barrel length goes down, your likelihood of extraction issues goes up. Yet, with steel cased .223, the most common malfunction by far was stuck cases. So it's not just the number of malfunctions that's important, but the type that was so revealing.

What I meant regarding 25mm cannons is, I don't know the numbers off the top of my head. Like I don't know the chamber pressure of the round, the length of the barrels, or where the gas port is located. I also don't know what the pressure levels are at any given point. These are things I'm familiar with regarding 5.56, so I know how they effect the reliability regarding extraction of spend cases.
You don't need to know those things off the top of your head. You need to know the underlying engineering principles. Which you obviously don't.

What I will say, though, and what I thought I already said, is that the gas operated cannons which do exist have very long barrels. I'm thinking like well over 100 inches. Given the caliber (the diameter of the barrel), I would say that chamber pressures wouldn't be too high. So you've got a super long barrel with normal chamber pressures!
When you start to study and design guns there is one dimensionless characteristic that keeps popping up in interior ballistics and gas system design? It's dimensionless.

Barrel length in calibers (barrel length divided by bore diameter), a 20 inch AR barrel is about 80 calibers long. A 25mm barrel 80 calibers long is about 6 feet long. Care to guess how long a Oerlikon KBA barrel is?

And, proportionally, the gas port on a KBA is closer to the chamber than a pistol length AR gas system. It is a rougher extraction cycle. Not to mention a higher cyclic rate.

Okay, I couldn't help myself. I looked up the KBA, one of the few gas operated cannons I know of, and chamber pressures for it were 60,000 on the high side, and 50,000 on the low side. Barrel length was 114 inches. So yea, it's no wonder that steel cases work with it! With a barrel that long, you can delay extraction until the pressures have dropped. Add to that, the cases are huge, meaning very beefy rims and extractors. So you can extract at ideal pressures, plus you've got a very strong rim. That means you can use whatever force is necessary to extract, and have no chance of case head separation.
Barrel length alone is not what drives rough cycling, it is the gas port location relative to the chamber and the muzzle.

16 AR barrel with mid-length gas system vs AR 16 inch with carbine length gas systems? Or, a 16" barrel with a pistol length gas system? Which is going to be rougher on the cases?


Again, the physics involved in cannons, even the gas operated ones, are so far removed from the AR15 that it's not even worth bringing into this discussion. And again, your willful ignorance of the issues surrounding this discussion are making it very difficult.
You know just stating over and over the cannon are not like any other gun doesn't make it so.

How about you explain why they are different.

What physical principle is different?

What chemical difference in the propellant makes them different?

Which one of the laws of thermodynamics change because the hole in the barrel is bigger than 1/2 inch?

Then explain how General Electric, made a 1860 black powder design shoot 20mm x 102, then with very little development turned around and made it shoot 7.62mm NATO, then again in a short time made it shoot 30mm x 173, then 5.56mm x 45 and then 25mm x 137. All of these worked almost flawlessly out of the box with very little development after the M61A1 was perfected.

Your ignorance is becoming tiresome.
 
In that case I don't think the much cheaper price can be put down to the steel case alone.

A somewhat more fair comparison, Hornady gives these prices (MSRP):

BRASS CASE .223
75 gr Match (20 box): $1.28/round
55 gr FMJ/SP (50 box): $0.93/round


STEEL CASE .223
75 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.64/round
55 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.57/round


A retailer gives the following prices for the same products (ignoring sales and discounts).

BRASS CASE .223
75 gr Match (20 box): $0.93/round
55 gr FMJ/SP (50 box): $0.62/round

STEEL CASE .223
75 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.47/round
55 gr Steel Match (50 box): $0.43/round

Don't forget, the retail price also as market demand factored in. So the difference in price is not all just due to production cost.

Note the difference in price between brass Match and brass Ball is $0.30, yet, the difference between steel Match and steel Ball is only $0.04.

So, it isn't a $0.25 difference between steel cases and brass cases.
 
The KBA barrel is 9.5 feet long, not 6. And looks like the rate of fire is 600 rpm. And regardless of where the gas port is located, just the location of the gas port doesn't in and of itself tell you everything. Its size, as well as the mass of the operating system, influences when extraction actually occurs. Barrel length plays a huge role in the grand scheme of things. Take a 10'' Mk18 and a 14.5'' M4: both have the same gas system, but one is much more prone to stuck cases. The bottom line is that we don't know what the pressure is during extraction, which is why it's pointless to discuss it.

But again, you have a much more robust case, so even if the pressure is relatively high, you still stand very little chance of a stuck case. Whereas an M4 would likely rip the case head at a similarly high pressure, leaving the round stuck in the chamber, the KBA could exert a much greater force without damaging the case. Another reason why it's pointless to discuss it.

Comparing the KBA to an M4 is just pure lunacy. Yes, they use the same basic principles, but that's where the similarities end. Just because steel cases work for the KBA does not in any way endorse their use for 5.56 NATO.

So basically you have an outdated Army test, and some useless examples of steel cases in military arsenals that don't really have anything to do with the discussion at hand. Your opinions simply don't reflect the reality of the situation, which is that certain concessions must be made if steel cases are to be used successfully.

Here's what we see in reality:

The Russians use steel because it's cheaper, and that requires that they increase the taper rate, loosen the chambers, and lacquer the cases.

The West uses brass at greater expense because it's better for the application, and you can have straighter magazines and tighter (and therefore more accurate) chambers.

These things did not happen by accident. If your assertions are correct, then the US should be using steel cases, and the Russians should decrease their taper rates and tighten their chambers. Of course, you also assert that the savings for steel are negligible, so the Russians should really just switch to brass.

Don't you see that your assertions fly in the face of every convention in small arms design?
 
The KBA barrel is 9.5 feet long, not 6. And looks like the rate of fire is 600 rpm. And regardless of where the gas port is located, just the location of the gas port doesn't in and of itself tell you everything. Its size, as well as the mass of the operating system, influences when extraction actually occurs. Barrel length plays a huge role in the grand scheme of things. Take a 10'' Mk18 and a 14.5'' M4: both have the same gas system, but one is much more prone to stuck cases. The bottom line is that we don't know what the pressure is during extraction, which is why it's pointless to discuss it.

But again, you have a much more robust case, so even if the pressure is relatively high, you still stand very little chance of a stuck case. Whereas an M4 would likely rip the case head at a similarly high pressure, leaving the round stuck in the chamber, the KBA could exert a much greater force without damaging the case. Another reason why it's pointless to discuss it.

Comparing the KBA to an M4 is just pure lunacy. Yes, they use the same basic principles, but that's where the similarities end. Just because steel cases work for the KBA does not in any way endorse their use for 5.56 NATO.

So basically you have an outdated Army test, and some useless examples of steel cases in military arsenals that don't really have anything to do with the discussion at hand. Your opinions simply don't reflect the reality of the situation, which is that certain concessions must be made if steel cases are to be used successfully.

Here's what we see in reality:

The Russians use steel because it's cheaper, and that requires that they increase the taper rate, loosen the chambers, and lacquer the cases.

The West uses brass at greater expense because it's better for the application, and you can have straighter magazines and tighter (and therefore more accurate) chambers.

These things did not happen by accident. If your assertions are correct, then the US should be using steel cases, and the Russians should decrease their taper rates and tighten their chambers. Of course, you also assert that the savings for steel are negligible, so the Russians should really just switch to brass.

Don't you see that your assertions fly in the face of every convention in small arms design?

My bad, the GUA-12 has about an 80 caliber barrel, as does the Oerlikon 20mm, the Mauser BK-27, the HS404, KCA, and a host of others.


Go back and read (I would say re-read, but you probably didn't the first time) the following posts:

#54
#55
#57
#63
#66
#67
#72
#74
#81
#82
#85

What data or evidence or facts have you provided?

Find a copy of the following, and read them:

"The Machine Gun" by Lt Col George Chin, USMCR
"Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition" By D, Carlucci
"Fundamentals of Material Science and Engineering" by W. Callister & D Rethwisch

And, look for something good specifically on material mechanics and material behavior.
 
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My bad, the GUA-12 has about an 80 caliber barrel, as does the Oerlikon 20mm, the Mauser BK-27, the HS404, KCA, and a host of others.


Go back and read (I would say re-read, but you probably didn't the first time) the following posts:

#54
#55
#57
#63
#66
#67
#72
#74
#81
#82
#85

What data or evidence or facts have you provided?

Find a copy of the following, and read them:

"The Machine Gun" by Lt Col George Chin, USMCR
"Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition" By D, Carlucci
"Fundamentals of Material Science and Engineering" by W. Callister & D Rethwisch

And, look for something good specifically on material mechanics and material behavior.

I give you logic, you give me a scavenger hunt. Get real.

I'll tell you what, you write the Russians and the Americans and tell them both they're doing it wrong. When the Russians reduce taper rates and tighten chambers, and the Americans switch to steel 5.56, then I'll agree with you. Until then, you really don't have a leg to stand on.

You've got an outdated Army test going up against the multitudes of people who know, both from theory and practical application, that steel 5.56 is inherently unreliable.
 
Logic?

Where have you given logic? You haven given your opinion, one test that does not prove what you think it proves, and a some more personal opinion.

You have not answered or refuted any of the reports I quoted, you have just dismissed them as lies.

Please name these "multitudes of people who know, both from theory and practical application". The guys working a Frankford in the 1970s knew more about cartridge case design than anyone you have named (which is exactly none), the guys an APG and the Infantry Center know more about testing than anyone you have named (which is also exactly none).

And, I will throw in one more report for you to ignore:

" A More Rational Approach for Analyzing and Designing the Steel Cartridge and Chamber Interface." by James Toal PhD and Shih-Chi Chu PhD, Rock Island Arsenal


And this:

Most case failures can be traced to faults in material, dimensions or design of the cartridge case....Satisfactory steel cartridge cases of all sizes used in brass can be made....

But, you will just hand wave that away as Rock Island and the US Army Infantry Center don't care about soldiers....

Ignorance - not knowing, or not educated in a certain field.

Ignorance is a curable disease, I did not give you a scavenger hunt, I gave you a cure.
 
Like I said, you and your sources are flying in the face of the standard conventions of Western vs. Soviet arms design.

If you are correct, then that means that both the Russians and the Western nations are designing their weapons and ammunition based on false principles. First of all, it means everyone should be using steel, regardless of the cartridge. Second, it means that the Russians have been needlessly making design sacrifices to accommodate their steel cartridges.

Also, you cannot explain why brass is used at all, considering the savings of using steel. It makes no sense, especially if the ammunition is only going to be used for hunting or target practice. Yet, when it comes to Western cartridges, you find very little steel, even for recreational purposes, and ABSOLUTELY ZERO FOR DEFENSIVE USE. Why do you think that is?
 
Like I said, you and your sources are flying in the face of the standard conventions of Western vs. Soviet arms design.

If you are correct, then that means that both the Russians and the Western nations are designing their weapons and ammunition based on false principles. First of all, it means everyone should be using steel, regardless of the cartridge. Second, it means that the Russians have been needlessly making design sacrifices to accommodate their steel cartridges.

Also, you cannot explain why brass is used at all, considering the savings of using steel. It makes no sense, especially if the ammunition is only going to be used for hunting or target practice. Yet, when it comes to Western cartridges, you find very little steel, even for recreational purposes, and ABSOLUTELY ZERO FOR DEFENSIVE USE. Why do you think that is?
If you think my sources are in error refute them with sources of your own, don't just spew hyperbole.

You're still burro-like stuck in the misinformed belief that anyone stated one was 'better' than the other. They both can be made to work just fine.

I can explain why brass is used, and what is required to make steel cartridges work just fine, further I gave you the sources to discover it for yourself, but you prefer to remain ignorant.

With every post your lack of knowledge becomes more evident. And further you lack of any desire to correct the problem, which is sad.

Try reading these posts:
#54
#55
#57
#63
#66
#67
#72
#74
#81
#82
#85
 
Any one remember the SAW project?

Probably not, it was a long time ago and started in a far away place that doesn't exist any more...

Anyway, after Vietnam wound down, the idea of having a common machine gun and rifle ammunition came of interest again. It was acknowledged that 5.56mm had some short comings, mainly the loss of effectiveness at longer ranges, and 7.62 also has its short comings, it was bigger than necessary.

So, Frankford pulled out a blank sheet of paper and designed a round that would eliminate both these shortcomings. The result was 6mm SAW or 6mm x 45. This was not the 6mm x 45 we see today, but an altogether unique round with a .408" rim and a rather long neck.

The plan was to replace the M60 and the M16 with altogether new stuff chambered in 6mm SAW.

The first step was to introduce a Squad Automatic Weapon in this caliber. This was the SAW program, from which the cartridge is named. It actually was fairly well along when the issue of NATO commonality came up. We already were using one round that was not NATO standard, now we were going to have TWO?

So, the SAW program got put on hold until a second NATO caliber could be standardized, which was the SS109/M855. The three US SAW prototypes were redesigned around SS109, but were overshadowed by the FN Minimi which became the M249 when it was eventually was fielded. And the idea of a common machine gun and rifle cartridge faded into the background.

Why do I bring this up?

Yes, that's right, from the get-go, all production SAW ammunition was intended to be either steel or aluminum. There were problems with aluminum cases with cracking and burn-through and that was dropped, but the steel cases worked well.

6mmSAW.gif
 
Any one remember the SAW project?

Probably not, it was a long time ago and started in a far away place that doesn't exist any more...

Anyway, after Vietnam wound down, the idea of having a common machine gun and rifle ammunition came of interest again. It was acknowledged that 5.56mm had some short comings, mainly the loss of effectiveness at longer ranges, and 7.62 also has its short comings, it was bigger than necessary.

So, Frankford pulled out a blank sheet of paper and designed a round that would eliminate both these shortcomings. The result was 6mm SAW or 6mm x 45. This was not the 6mm x 45 we see today, but an altogether unique round with a .408" rim and a rather long neck.

The plan was to replace the M60 and the M16 with altogether new stuff chambered in 6mm SAW.

The first step was to introduce a Squad Automatic Weapon in this caliber. This was the SAW program, from which the cartridge is named. It actually was fairly well along when the issue of NATO commonality came up. We already were using one round that was not NATO standard, now we were going to have TWO?

So, the SAW program got put on hold until a second NATO caliber could be standardized, which was the SS109/M855. The three US SAW prototypes were redesigned around SS109, but were overshadowed by the FN Minimi which became the M249 when it was eventually was fielded. And the idea of a common machine gun and rifle cartridge faded into the background.

Why do I bring this up?

Yes, that's right, from the get-go, all production SAW ammunition was intended to be either steel or aluminum. There were problems with aluminum cases with cracking and burn-through and that was dropped, but the steel cases worked well.

6mmSAW.gif

When did I say steel cases don't work? I said they don't work in 5.56, or in similar cartridges, unless of course the gun has specific design features (i.e. the now infamous FAMAS)

Those prototypes look to me like they have a pretty healthy taper to them. And who knows what kind of chamber they planned using. Just looking at them, I don't see any reason that that cartridge wouldn't work just as well as 5.45.

Again, we're talking 5.56 in standard chambers. We're not talking about the FAMAS, we're not talking about 25mm cannons, we're not talking about pistol calibers, and we're not talking about 6x45 SAW.

All you're proving is that steel can work well under certain conditions, which is what I've been saying from the very beginning.
 
You're also not telling the whole truth, I might add. Here's a sampling of different SAW project prototypes. Notice a trend? Yea, all the steel examples have a healthy taper to them. And all the ones resembling the taper of 5.56 are brass. Go figure.

6mmSAW_zps3pxmgaai.jpg

Like I keep saying, there are universally recognized conventions when it comes to the design of steel cartridges.
 
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No one's chimed in about how Boxer v Berdan primers may have an impact on production costs, which is interesting since that feature is a distinct difference between western (brass) ammo and eastern (steel) ammo.

I, too, wish to hear a theory as to why brass is used at all from the "steel is separate but equal" crowd. Lord knows it's both expensive and heavy as hell compared to steel, yet both cases and even bullet jackets made from soft alloys present no downsides "if designed correctly."

Could it be that "correct design" around steel cases carries some drawbacks of its own, same as every other design criteria?

TCB
 
all the steel examples have a healthy taper to them
A) None of those were issued for various reasons including reliability
B) Those steel cases look to have crazy-long straight necks, right where the metal was thinnest & most susceptible to binding on chamber fouling as well as "blow forward" from pressure when fired.

14,5x114_01.jpg

I would also submit the 14.5x114mm, which has perhaps a less pronounced taper than 50bmg, and while shown in this picture as brass cased, was equally if not more popular in steel (much like x54r). Unlike most cannon rounds, this one is still "technically" a MG cartridge (at least in function, if not legally) and operates at a fairly high pressure.

TCB
 
Soviet Rounds to me is a bunch of Russians bellying up to a bar drinking shot after shot of vodka until one man is left standing.
 
A) None of those were issued for various reasons including reliability
B) Those steel cases look to have crazy-long straight necks, right where the metal was thinnest & most susceptible to binding on chamber fouling as well as "blow forward" from pressure when fired.

14,5x114_01.jpg

I would also submit the 14.5x114mm, which has perhaps a less pronounced taper than 50bmg, and while shown in this picture as brass cased, was equally if not more popular in steel (much like x54r). Unlike most cannon rounds, this one is still "technically" a MG cartridge (at least in function, if not legally) and operates at a fairly high pressure.

TCB

Proportionally, it looks a lot like 5.56, I'll admit that. But it's hard to tell until you stand it up next to other rounds, or get it stacked into a long magazine. Pressure on that one is like 50k or so psi. Given a longish barrel, I don't see any reason why steel couldn't be used reliably. Those anti tank rifles of theirs look like they have about an eight foot barrel on them. Shoot, the gas system alone is three feet or more.

Also, as I said before, you have very robust rims on those larger cases, so case head separation is probably less likely anyways. The whole case is just bigger all around, so you have plenty of space to thicken the walls or reinforce the case head. But when you take 60k psi and stick it into a tiny little case like 5.56, it's not going to be nearly as forgiving if you don't treat it right. Then on top of that, you shorten the barrel and gas system to oftentimes absurd proportions.

And like I've said all along, the issue with steel 5.56 isn't just the round itself, but also the weapons it goes in. Namely carbines with precise chambers and barrels under 16''. When you have high pressure cartridges in barrels that short, with shortened gas systems, something's gotta give. Flute the chamber, change the geometry of the round, loosen the chamber, lacquer the case, beef up the rims and extractors, scrub the chamber every 200 rounds, whatever you gotta do to make it work. And at the end of the day, if you're hellbent on using steel, you'll basically end up with 7.62x39 and 5.45x39, or something darn close to it. Or you'll end up with the FAMAS, but hopefully we all have more sense than that.:evil:
 
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