The Right To Keep & Bear....What?

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orygunmike

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Over the years I have considered just exactly "what" it is that the 2nd Amendment entitles private citizens to bear, to own. Just what are "arms"?

Does this refer to military type rifles and pistols, or does it refer to anything that might be in the military's arsenal that would be necessary for a citizen militia to defend itself against a tyrannical government that does possess some pretty nasty weapons.

Perhaps someone in THR is also curious about this one.

I stumbled onto something specifically addressing this question.

http://www.brainshavings.com/supplements/arms/#FNote1

It is about 7 pages long with numberous references to legal cases, other writings, etc.

I'm going to provide a few excerpts that nets out the author's position that come from the final page:
http://www.brainshavings.com/supplements/arms/v.htm

"We cannot use the Second Amendment to argue against keeping and bearing any weapon, but we also understand the risk this causes in a society with weapons as destructive as ours".

"Common sense tells us that no interpretation of any legal text can rightly be read so as to threaten the explicitly stated reasons for enacting the text in the first place. I think the preamble supports the idea that we the people can rein in someone's claim to a "right" if that right presents enough of a threat to our domestic tranquility, and if the general welfare of our people is in enough danger. The danger posed by powerful weapons controlled by incompetent, careless, or malevolent individuals obviously qualifies."

"No right is absolute. We correct statutes suffering from a scrivener's error. We permit numerous exceptions to the prohibition on hearsay testimony. We recognize the First Amendment's protection of the freedom of speech and of the press as fundamental, yet we restrain libel, slander, pornography, "fighting words", and speech that incites panic. The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment protects a criminal defendant's right "to be confronted with the witnesses against him," we (perhaps unconstitutionally) permit children to accuse adults of molestation while seated behind the safety of a screen through which only the child on the witness stand can see. Although judges often exceed their authority when interpreting the Constitution, our legal system does sometimes correctly impose limits and create exceptions to our most fundamental rights in ways that actually preserve the purpose of the Constitution."

" Read honestly, the individual right to keep and bear arms in defense of self and country protects every kind of weapon one could want and afford. However, I am certain that the right can survive in a post-Emerson textualist nation while still protecting us from nuts with nukes, if we impose reasonable limits on the exercise of that right."

"The kinds of limits I foresee would also preserve the ability to resist any standing army unleashed against us from Washington, albeit not in the same "toe-to-toe on the field of battle" style used by our ancestors in the Revolutionary War. The battle would revert to a guerilla-style conflict, much like the fighting by the French Resistance in occupied France in World War II, or like the efforts of the Contras in Nicaragua in the 1980s"

"Perhaps we could limit the right to keep and bear arms to those weapons with destructive power equivalent to the best heavy weapons of the late Eighteenth or early Nineteenth Centuries. This would permit citizens to arm themselves, but not with weapons so capable of killing vast numbers of other people that the risk would outweigh the benefit. This framework might draw the outer boundary at, say, a mid-size howitzer, a backpack sized flamethrower, a shoulder-launched surface-to-air missile, or an anti-tank mine. Such weapons are destructive, to be sure, yet still comparable to the power wielded by a militiaman of two hundred years ago, standing behind an artillery piece or on the bridge of a privateer's ship, firing at a crowded enemy troop vessel. Therefore, these weapons should be suitable for private ownership."

__________________________________

I think he has got it pretty much right here. Our legal system is charged with balancing individual rights with the interests of society at large, and introducing *some* limitation on this right makes sense.
 
The only limitation on what arms citizens should be allowed to possess should be whether or not they can be stored safely and operated properly (well regulated) and not deprive any other law abiding citizen of their rights during use.

So obviously things like chemical weapons and nukes will still be beyond the grasp of the average citizen. If you have a PhD in Chemistry and have the facilities to store the weapons and have contracted private security to protect them and can use it to kill the badguys without indiscrminately killing thousands of others then it should be allowed. At this point in time nukes and chems are still clumsy weapons.

Back in the days of the American Revolution and the War of 1812 private Americans owned warships and cannon in addition to rifles, shotguns, and tomahawks and whatnot. You never heard of Samuel Adams robbing the liquor store with a 9-inch mortar did you?

There should be no limitations on rights, but you should pay the price if you endanger or injure another person. I.e. You don't go to jail for screaming FIRE! in a theatre, but you go to jail for inciting riot, assault, manslaughter or whatever results from your screaming it.
 
The only limitation on what arms citizens should be allowed to possess should be whether or not they can be stored safely and operated properly (well regulated)
Well regulated modifies militia not arms. It means well trained and equipped and has nothing to do with our modern notion of safety regulation. The idea was to have the militia be as capable as regular troops. Got it? Regulated is related to regular.
 
I have been to machinegun shoots where a lot of legally owned class 3 and Destructive Devices were used. I am not talking AK-47s, I am talking 37mm - 90 mm cannons and anti-arcraft guns. It is amazing that such weaponry does indeed exist in the hands of individual citizens despite our government. Notice that mayhem has not resulted with such weaponry in the hands of civillians. I am of the opinion that tanks and missiles could be owned by citizens without problem as well.

There should be no limitations on rights, but you should pay the price if you endanger or injure another person. I.e. You don't go to jail for screaming FIRE! in a theatre, but you go to jail for inciting riot, assault, manslaughter or whatever results from your screaming it.

Indeed. If someone did actually rob a 7-11 with a howitzer, why not just charge the perpatrator with robbery? It is not like the world collapses when thugs use a different weapon to rob stores...
 
Mercedesrules, how exactly do you distinguish between "defensive" and "offensive" weapons? It's entirely situational...a tank hunkered down behind an earth berm is in a clearly defensive position, while that same tank on the attack is being used offensively. The same goes for rifles and handguns.

IMO, it's pretty clear that the entire Constitution describes the powers granted by the people to the government. Therefore, the people have the right to own anything the government owns - otherwise the government wouldn't have the right to own it in the first place.
 
Here's the text in my signature. It means what it says, just look up and define any words in most dictionaries. The older the dictionaries the better. Sometimes you will need more then one dictionary/definition.
 
Of repititive note.......

Some say that the people should be permitted to own anything that is used by the Army.

Ironic, I think, is that the founders did not intend for there to even be an Army. (I know, for a period not to exceed 2 years)
 
how exactly do you distinguish between "defensive" and "offensive" weapons

hehehe...easy.

A gun in >MY< hand is a defensive weapon.

A gun in >YOUR< hand is an offensive weapon. :neener:
 
IMO, it's pretty clear that the entire Constitution describes the powers granted by the people to the government. Therefore, the people have the right to own anything the government owns - otherwise the government wouldn't have the right to own it in the first place.

The government has no rights. The people are granting the government the privilege of maintaining weapons of mass destruction.
 
Mercedesrules, how exactly do you distinguish between "defensive" and "offensive" weapons? It's entirely situational...a tank hunkered down behind an earth berm is in a clearly defensive position, while that same tank on the attack is being used offensively. The same goes for rifles and handguns.

That's a fair question, Ian. Maybe I should refine my response to "all weapons that can be used defensively"? That is, any weapons one could use to defend their own property (while on said property).

I consider aerial bombing and WMDs to be offensive-only. One wouldn't nuke, poison, infect or bomb their own environs.
 
I draw the line at threat.

RKBA does not include the right for me to walk down the street pointing loaded guns at people. That falls on the wrong side of the "my fist, your nose" spectrum; it is incumbent on me to not directly threaten innocent people with any weapon I choose to own/carry.

The problem with the truly impressive weapons of the modern world is that, if I own an ICBM, it is quite literally "aimed" at everyone in the entire world. No, it won't take off by itself or detonate itself, but neither will my gun go off by itself.

In my mind, then, RKBA includes any weapon you want, as long as you ensure that it does not indiscriminately threaten others. For a gun, that's easy; follow rule #2. For a MIRV nuclear missile, it's impossible. Notably, this allows for civilian ownership of just about everything, since most weapons we use can be made safe in some fashion.
 
Yir not serious right? :D

Please note there is a difference between "Arms" and "Ordinance " :neener:
 
Exercise of the 1st Amendment guarantees 'journalists' the right to use the very latest technology; computers, satellite communications, pda's, cellphones, etc. And they do all this without regulation or restriction. Why shouldn't the 2nd Amendment guarantee the same access by the people to modern arms?
 
rh lee, great point. leftists love to interpret much of the constitution one way, and the 2nd amendment the complete opposite.

any part of the constitution that can be interpreted to allow them to do whatever they want, is interpreted liberally.

the parts that give rights they don't like are instantly interpreted the complete opposite.
 
Over the years I have considered just exactly "what" it is that the 2nd Amendment entitles private citizens to bear, to own. Just what are "arms"?

Does this refer to military type rifles and pistols, or does it refer to anything that might be in the military's arsenal that would be necessary for a citizen militia to defend itself against a tyrannical government that does possess some pretty nasty weapons.

Perhaps someone in THR is also curious about this one.
I'm not remotely curious. The document says "arms," and does not impose limits. In fact, it says "... shall not be infringed." What limitations and/or regulations do you propose might be imposed that would not be "infringements"?

Keep in mind, too, that the view at the time was one of strict opposition to the notion of standing armies. Therefore, there were no "arms" other than privately-owned arms. In essence, the local big-wig who could afford the cannon got to be the Colonel of the artillery regiment. The modern parallel would be that anyone who can afford a tank gets to command an armored unit.

Seems pretty simple to me. Why is it not clear to you?
 
The battle would revert to a guerilla-style conflict,...like the efforts of the Contras in Nicaragua in the 1980s"

HHmm....would the guerillas be based in neighboring Canada and Mexico, and be trained, supplied and directed by a foreign hostile intelligence service? Would they cross the border to attack farms, gang-rape nurses and castrate men in front of their families? Would they smuggle drugs in order to pay for their weapons?
 
The second amendment on Findlaw.com
http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/constitution/amendment02/
is annotated and says "Whatever the Amendment may mean, it is a bar only to federal action, not extending to state(2) or private(3) restraints"

I've read numerous places that the bill of rights was only intended to prevent the federal government from influencing the states. So in theory the state could go ahead and illegally search you, take your guns, prevent you from peaceably assembling etc (provided it isn't against the state constitution).

I'm not sure how I feel about that. The first amendment clearly states that CONGRESS shall pass no law yada yada yada...implying it doesn't bar the states from passing such laws, but the second amendment doesn't specifically mention that only congress is prevented from infringing rights. Perhaps that meant nationally? or was it really just to prevent the federal government from going crazy, letting states rape you as they please?

I guess that means that the machine-gun ban/federal assault weapon ban ain't cool but if a state wanted to ban all arms (again assuming the state constitution doesn't prevent it) then we've got no choice...

If the latter is true, then I guess there'll be no supreme court case ruling against California's assault weapon ban and I'll never get my FAL :(
 
The modern parallel would be that anyone who can afford a tank gets to command an armored unit.

Which would make me somewhere between a US Army private and a somali irregular. Though, I probably could afford some decent hardware if it were legal to do so. Actually it just occurred to me that a ton of innovation in weapons platforms would come about if citizens could freely experiment with these things.
 
rights?

I've read numerous places that the bill of rights was only intended to prevent the federal government from influencing the states. So in theory the state could go ahead and illegally search you, take your guns, prevent you from peaceably assembling etc (provided it isn't against the state constitution).

OIC, this logic would then say it's okay for the states to limit religion, free speech, assembly, whatever. I know it's a popular concept but it's wrong.

The bill of rights and also any unenumerated rights apply to the citizens of the United States who are exactly the same as the citizens of the "several" states.

They weren't just talking about only Pueto Ricans and others living in US teritories having rights at home.

The founders sure wouldn't have wasted all that time about rights if those rights did not apply to those living in the several states.
 
But Otherguy it's hard to summarily reject that argument as wrong...
you have to remember that even people like Jefferson and Madison who supported the bill of rights and freedom of speech were chiefly interested in preventing the federal government from screwing with the states. They were very much into states' rights.

The first amendment does clearly say "CONGRESS shall pass no law respecting establishment of a religion etc" it doesn't say that state, local governments, or private organizations cannot respect the establishment of a religion or prohibit the freedom of speech. However, most states adopted similar wording in their own constitutions which is why the right exists.

If you strictly interpret the constitution, theoretically a state could afford a religion preference since the first amendment only prevents CONGRESS...it doesn't say "neither congress nor states shall pass..." Most courts have interpreted the "intent" saying it means a complete separation of church and state at both a national and state level...but that's not necessarily the ACTUAL wording. Being an agnostic/atheist I'm not complaining, but it's a dangerous road when people start interpreting intent.

The second amendment doesn't specifically say "Congress shall not infringe" though it does say the right "shall not be infringed"...it leaves the "by whom" open to interpretation which people enjoy doing. If we assume a more state/local control model that tends to mesh with Jefferson and Madison's view, you could say that it "shall not be infringed by Congress"...allowing local governments/states or private residences/businesses to infringe the right to their hearts content. If however, it shall not be infringed by ANYONE...then even a private store cannot keep you from bearing arms...

either way...it's a bit hard to say it's WRONG since there is NO specificed agent for the passive verb "infringed". If a STATE wants ban assault weapons or a private business or residence does, they MAY be entitled whereas the Federal government clearly is banned from infringement.

Personally I think if there is a second amendment case in the conservative supreme court, the strict constructionists will see it only as a bar on federal action not on states and private individuals. Once again, no FAL for me :(
 
I've read numerous places that the bill of rights was only intended to prevent the federal government from influencing the states. So in theory the state could go ahead and illegally search you, take your guns, prevent you from peaceably assembling etc (provided it isn't against the state constitution).
Look up "14th Amendment" and "incorporation." Incorporation means that the 14th applies the BoR to the states -- but it requires a ruling by SCOTUS for incorporation.

Unfortunately, the 2nd hasn't been incorporated yet.
The second amendment doesn't specifically say "Congress shall not infringe" though it does say the right "shall not be infringed"...it leaves the "by whom" open to interpretation which people enjoy doing.
The 1st has been incorporated. Thus the 1st applies to any level of government: federal, state or local.
 
Mr. V, no, no state, no city, no township may pass any anti-gun laws. As cuch sez, the 14th Amendment was passed for exactly this reason. After the Civil War, Southern states attempted to infringe upon the RKBA of free blacks. The 14th eliminated any argument that the BoR only applies to the federal government (many Founders believed that the 2nd applied to the feds and state).

Many antebellum courts addressed this question. When I find the cites again I will post them. However I believe this question has been addressed at THR before.

Arms according to the federal Supreme Court must have a "reasonable relationship" to the military. Does your AR-15 or M240G have such a relationship? Sure. Does your side by side 28 ga. have such a relationship? No and could be banned.
 
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