Factory ammo does in fact headspace on the rim, as the cartridge is intentionally undersized to fit practically ANY rifle it's chambered in.
But for best results, you can head space the brass in YOUR rifle by following the technique most match shooters utilize where the ammo absolutely and positively have to chamber reliably (ie NRA highpower rapid, and timed fire stages).
With your M340, if you don't full length size, you'll continually get the "buldging" that you describe. Practically every .30/30 I've had does/did that. Including the M340 I had.
With your M340, you are indeed limited to ~40,000psi loads, but thats not a real problem as that is what the .30/30 and your action was designed around- no getting around it. However, with proper matching of components and PROPER FULL LENGTH SIZING, you'll get long case life and easy chambering of the reloaded ammo.
You utilize the full length sizer by NOT RUNNING IT ALL THE WAY DOWN TILL IT TOUCHES THE SHELL HOLDER. This is guareented to cause the cases to stretch, and compromise the accuracy potential.
With brass previously fired IN YOUR GUN and ONLY your gun, size them down until the case SHOULDER, just touches the shoulder area of the die. Most reputable manuals, and many postings on this and other sites tell you how to do this. You can later then use this die setting and probably shoot any brass that's been shot in most any other .30/30 as this is the setting necessary for YOUR rifle.
I currently have the only and last .30/30 I'll probably ever own. It's a late '70's to early '80's vintage Glenfield M30 (Marlin M336 with birch stocks and half-magazine) sold new most likely by Kmart. I get sub MOA accuracy and easy reliable feeding of the reloaded rounds by using the above aluded to technique for sizing/loading the ammo.
I use bullets designed and "refined over 100yrs" for the .30/30 and get extreamly good results. No special over pressure loads. I killed 4 of the 12 deer I took last year with it, and its one of my most favorite rifles. I use Reloader 15 and Remington CorLokt bullets and ,,,,, end of story, except for the Sierra 125's FNHP I still have tucked away in case the rumor starts up again that they are "varmint only" bullets..... Killed my second largest pig with "One", and it (bullet) is lying underground somewhere beyond where the pig was "rooting" when I shot him...........
Don't be afraid to full length size the cases. If I'm using the Lee Collet die, for some reason, I still have to "partially" full length size the cases after 2-3 loadings. Even Lee in the instructions for the Collet dies notes this. This is why the "Deluxe" die set comes with both the collet and "regular" sizing dies.
But then, who ever reads the instructions...............?????
FWIW, I find the Remington tend to be a little thicker, but not enough to be a significant difference. I tend to use different head stamps to identify specific loadings. ie: Federal cases with the 125gr FNHP's, Remington brass for 150gr Remington CorLokts, and Winchester cases for 170gr CorLokts, ect.....