.256 Winchester Magnum, devloped for the Ruger Hawkeye single-shot pistol used a .257" 60 grain bullet
8.5" barrel 2350 fps, 735 ft.lbs.
24" barrel 2760 fps, 1015 ft.lbs.
also chambered in:
Marlin Model 62 Levermatic lever action rifle (listed in Gun Trader's guide as 23" barrel)
Universal Firearms M1 carbine variant (monte carlo stocked hunting carbine)
Thompson Center Contender single-shot pistol barrel chambering
I can remember when it came out. It fit in between cartridges which did its jobs better. If you wanted a varmint gun you went .222 Remington; for deer rifle .30-30 or .35 Remington. It just never caught on.
Added: if I had gotten one, I'd probably handload for it even today just to be contrary. But for what varmint hunting I did do, .22 LR and .22 WMR were sufficient.