Having numerous serial numbers is an artifact of hand-fitting versus mass production methods.
The latter means being able to make parts that fit, and do not need filing, fitting, or other changing of their dimensions to properly fit one, specific, firearm.
That is why "matched numbers" are a value-added feature. Having parts that are not specific to a given arm may mean it does not perform to the standard of a fitted one.
This is hugely important in military context, where firearms are routinely taken to bits and washed collectively in tubs.
Most American gun makers embraced the notion of fully-interchangeable parts. Which did not need serialization at all. Colt would be a good example of this.
One of the great unsung victories of WWII was how, through standardization, hundred, perhaps thousands of small shops were able to subcontract parts for all the myriad arms of the US (and several other nations, come to cases) to where they were identical.