You might also be surprised what a man living on the land with one gun, that shot it a lot, could do at long range.
I saw my old daddy shot a running coyote at over 300 with a 94 carbine one time when he was 60 years old.
Stepped out the back door, took the shot, and a second later the coyote never knew what hit him.
He sometimes practiced on rocks in the pasture behind the barn at close to 400.
(That would be with a 30-30 150 grain FP Silver-Tip in a 20" 94 carbine.)
But, he had walked every inch of that farm, built fence around it more then once.
And didn't need a range-finder to tell you exactly how far it was to the nearest fence line.
( He also fired Expert in Marine / SeaBee training in WWII)
Our little part of the worlds farmland was divided up by mile section roads & fence lines. (1,760 yards)
Sections were divided up in 1/2, (880) or 1/4, (440) or 1/8 (220) sections.
So nobody that grew up on the land needed a range-finder to tell you how far away something was!
I don't doubt a bit some of those old farmers and ranchers could put a 30-30 bullet through a deer at 500 on a good day.
Whether it would be a clean kill is another matter.
On the other-hand, they didn't need to shoot deer at 500 yards.
They could just shoot a deer in the head with a .22 while feeding the cattle if they wanted a deer.
rc