You've supplied the missing info. Alaska law requires non-residents hunting brown bear or mt goats to hire a guide.
A guide would have a back up gun to protect their client regardless of what they were shooting.
+1 one on the 30 minute wait. I've known several guys that have arrowed bears up here and even in cases where the kill took place on open tundra or tree stand and visual contact wasn't lost they still remained on stand for 20-30 minutes before approaching.
As for your friend's guide, no sane person in the business of looking out for their client's safety on a hunt would be using a muzzleloader in-line or otherwise as a back up weapon.
How much research did you friend do on guide services when he was planning his hunt?
Does he have references?
What is the cost compared to other guide services?
How and where does he advertise?
Where is he hunting?
What services is the guide providing as part of the package for the hunt?
Is he registered as a guide or assistant guide in the State of Alaska?
If so, which master guide is he affiliated with?
Is the master guide okay with the practices?
I don't know about you, but the little cop voice in my head tells me there is something not quite right about this guide or his operation.