When considering a new rifle, in my mind the first item for consideration is purpose. Some of the main considerations are hunting, sport shooting, and self defense. What may be good for one, is not necessarily good for the other. Over the last decade plus, sport shooting has grown considerably while hunting is on the decline. This has resulted in ammunition manufactures shifting towards a sport shooting consumer base creating cartridges like Creedmoore, Grendel, Hornady's Advanced Rifle Cartridge (ARC) and Precision Rifle Cartridge (PRC). Not saying that these are bad hunting cartridges, rather their primary purpose was fast, flat shooters to put holes in paper. Therefore, hunting bullet design in these calibers needs closer scrutiny.
My next consideration is terminal ballistics and velocity is big component to ethical and fast kills. Nathan Foster talks a lot about ethical kills using hydrostatic shock. This is where velocity is high enough on impact that your permanent and temporary wound cavities transmit energy into the ribs, up to the spine, into the spinal cord and onward to the brain. At high enough levels, that energy registered into the brain causes the brain to shut down (coma) and reboot. During the coma period, blood loss happens and the game expires. The range is somewhere around 2,600fps and 3,200fps. Velocities exceeding the upper end dampen the effects due to the water resistance of muscle. Velocities on the lower end results in not enough transmitted energy and now we are reliant on blood loss from the permanent and temporary wound cavities requiring expanding bullets. If we are using a sport shooting round, one needs to look closely at bullet construction and how it creates wound cavities or they may find themselves learning why 6.5CRD hunters always seem to have to track and/or lose their game.
Next, is the intended target. This really comes down to size. Are we staying with medium game under 300lbs or is there potential to move up to larger game? If this is a medium game only rifle, in my book .243 Winchester is a solid caliber. If one wants the potential for large game, we need to increase sectional density and jump up calibers to something like .270 Winchester or 7mm-08 Remington.
Using these three calibers and Hornady's SST Superformance ammunition to keep everything equal, muzzle velocities out of the 24" test barrel is 3,185fps (.243), 3,200fps (.270) and 2,950fps (7mm-08). A 20" barrel, the .243 has a muzzle velocity of around 3,085fps and drops below 2,600fps at right round 175 yds. 270 is 3,100fps or so at muzzle and drops off at around 230yds. With 2,850fps at the muzzle, the 7mm-08 will achieve the same effects out to about 130yds. 308 is half of this. Of these choices, I would go with 270.
Next up is the rifle. There is good reason why Remington M700's account for roughly 40% of the market. Winchester M70's are solid rifles as well. My other strong considerations for below $1k rifles are Howa M1500 and Tikka's. Howa/Legacy Sports International make very accurate rifles with MOA accuracy guarantees, note that has an asterisk to it (match ammo, break-in period, etc.). I have a Howa 1500 6.5CRD on a GRS Bifrost stock for sport and is indeed sub-MOA. Climb a little in price and go to Bergara or Christensen. One can order Howa 1500 and Bergara Premier Series barreled actions from Brownells...when in stock.
The stock can be deeply personal. I am not a fan of thin, lightweight wood factory stocks, but that is just me. I like some girth to the foregrip. GRS makes some awesome feeling stocks which are fully adjustable, but the offset grip makes one reevaluate. Past life experiences, I am also a huge fan of H-S Precision stocks. Kevlar, carbon fiber body fill and colored the way you want it with an aluminum bedding block that wont break the bank. I just did one for a 300 PRC with an 8oz mercury recoil reducer and deacceleration pad and they had the stock to me in under 4 weeks.