Using Kansas as an example (check your own state DNR regs) you need an annual hunting license to hunt or fish on public land or on private land, even if you own it. You may also need a specific hunting permit to hunt certain animals eg deer. However deer permits are priced differently if you are only hunting your own land (lowest cost), are a landowner of more than 80 acres, or are a non-landowner (highest cost). Other animals do not require a permit, just the license.