I honestly think the .30-30 and .44 Magnum are so close in recoil comparing like-sized firearms and factory ammo, it takes a calculator to make the difference. Honestly, I feel my Marlin 1894 kicks close to as hard as my .260 rifle, which according to the numbers is in the 13-15 ft. lb. range. (The Marlin only weighs about 6 pounds stock; the .260 probably pushes 7.5-8 pounds.)
As far as loads, I've always thought the Marlins were stout enough for anything that will feed into the chamber. This precludes the use of some of the extra-heavy bullet loads, but most of the aren't too likely to stabilize in the Marlin's 1:38" twist anyway.