I have read that the volume measurement of grains is based on 3-F size powder. I've weighed charges and they come out real close with 3-F to the stated amount/weight/volume. Perhaps someone knows more about this?
I'm guessing that Colt had a standard charge for the Navy with their flask, it should have an ascribed grain value. I dont know what they figured was a standard charge, but I'm thinking it was most likely pretty full charge rated. The bulk measure was graduated in grain amounts.
I think I have that same Lyman manual. Its pretty interesting to look at.
I'm not sure how each screened their pistol powder, but Hazard's Pistol Powder was about 4F and about as powerful as Swiss/Olde Eynsford assuming that the same powder they used for their Civil War cartridges was the same used loosely with a ball.
The handle in the 1863 photo appears to be wood, not ivory. Looks like another missing Hickok gun - or maybe just a replaced set of grips when he got flush.
With the addition of graphite in the late 1890's which changed the mix making it less potent.
In the late 1800's graphite (black lead) was added to the glazing barrels. The graphite both improved the polish and helped repel moisture. The disadvantages were that graphite made the powder more difficult to ignite, slowed its burn rate and made for a dirtier burn. The British Government specified that no "black lead" was to be used in the manufacture of powders to be used for military purposes.
The Making of Black Powder, by Dan Phariss printed in the Black Powder Report, March 1985.
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