Old and New
This caliber debate is one that's raged since Hector was a pup.
There are few ballistic niches that haven't already been filled, and the introduction of a new cartridge is usually met with a ho-hum response with few exceptions. Occasionally, there are some small advantages though.
The .45 ACP vs the new GAP is one such example of the breed. The GAP
offers no real advantage in terminal ballistics over the old ACP...but it
does open the door for a .big-bore pistol with reduced grip dimensions,
which can be important to those folks with smaller hands.
The .308 and the .30-06 are nearly identical in terminal effect on the target,
though the old "Ought-Six" offers a distinct advantage when bullet weight
goes over the 165-grain mark. The main advantage lies in the shorter, lighter actions that the .308 will fit into. If both cartridges are handloaded to their full potential, the longer .30-06 will hold about a 10% velocity/energy advantage over the shorter round. The deer will never know the difference.
The .308 and the 7mm-08 are, for all practical purposes, ballistic twins. There is some small advantage in ballistic coefficient with the 7mm, but
it's hardly noticeable in the game field. The other advantage is that it's
legal in countries where military calibers are verboten. Other than that,
there is no task for which one is suited for that the other won't do equally well.
Many times, a reinvented cartridge is made for a distinct purpose. To sell.
Whatever advantages that it holds over an older one are often minimal,
and appeal to a small segment of the shooting population.