Yes, but. . . .
The myth suffered from an irrepressible need to spout the word "we fight for freedom! FREEDOM!" at every corner. The attempt to either support or capitalize upon the war in Iraq was simply far too thinly veiled.
The film, which I loved, really pre-dates the Iraqi conflict by a few years. No, not all the way back to 480 BC.
This was a 5 book series released in 1998 - well before our current engagement in Iraq. The language about fighting as free men, for justice, law, etc. all come from the original graphic novel. I just checked - I have the re-release in hardcover right here. The line "freedom isn't free", which was in the film, was not in the book - but it follows Miller's theme. The film is pretty faithful to the book, both visually and in the dialogue. Like
Sin City, the film is to a great extent a shot by shot adaptation of the graphic novel. So, Spartans as free men is a theme that runs through Miller's comic book, director Zack Snyder's movie, as well as Steven Pressfield's 1988 novel about Thermopylae, "Gates of Fire". And the Richard Egan film "The 300 Spartans". Egan , of course , played Leonidas, and in 1962, critics read it as a commentary on the Russian-American Cold War, with the Spartans fighting for freedom against the totalitarian Persians invading from the East. The film has opened strongly here in the US, but in Europe audiences seem to have drawn the Bush - Iraq picture, and are critical.
The truth and history are both complicated. The Spartan culture and economy, as well as that of the other Greek city-states, was based upon a labor force of slaves. Modern scholars acknowledge that Sparta's "freedoms" fed off the enslavement of its immediate neighbors and on its huge population of helot slaves. They did all the work in the militarized city-state. In fact, it was slave labor that allowed the Spartan male citizen to train and act as a full time military professional. The widespread use of slaves shows that the Greek concept of freedom was limited only to a select group. Herodotus spoke pretty well of the Persians and by the accounts of scholars the Persian empire was a fairly benevolent one. And Xerxes cannot possibly have been as, uh. . . . gay as portrayed in 300*. So, it is easy to mock the comic’s, and film’s, portrayal of Spartans saluting justice, law and freedom. But the truth is also that the Greek city-states were the first in the world to experiment with a truly radical new form of government - democracy. Had the Persians conquered them, those ideas, and the rest of Greek culture that forms the bedrock of what we call “Western civilization”, would not have survived to become, among other things, a constitutional republic like the United States.
* I mean, couldn't you describe 300 as
Following a vigorous night of really heterosexual sex with his beautiful queen Gorgo, King Leonidas and his disciplined, ascetic Spartan gym rats, sneering at the Athenian “boy-lovers”, set forth in short leather shorts and capes to battle the multiracial sybarites of the Persian empire, led by a ten foot tall, heavily pierced Xerxes who seems to be channeling Grace Jones and hosts parties where people are smoking who knows what out of pipes and women are kissing each other!