I'm a bit late to chime in on this thread, but I found it very interesting as I was looking for 'survival' type rifles today.
1) Durable as all get out, able to take minimal maintenace without a hitch. ie, if I get dropped into Land of the Lost with this, 1000 rounds, and one little bottle of Break Free, how long will it run?
So I'm assuming I won't be near civilization, therefor I won't be near maintenance tools, or ammo, or Outback Steakhouse. Bolt or lever, less maintenance, available in lots of calibers. Semi-auto if it's low maintenance, but I'm less familiar with those. Also, if my mags are ever screwed up or lost, I think it'd be easier to load one shot at a time in a bolt or lever, depending on the model.
2) Available - no plasma rifles in the 40 megawatt range.
Lots of things are 'available', but I don't know how I was airlifted to the Land of the Lost, by Marines or by the Amish (who catapulted me via a really big trebuchet . . .) I'll assume 'available' means you can get it most places without having to mail order it, thus 'common'. Most Walmarts have it, lots of widely dispersed sporting goods chain stores carry it, and the ammo.
3) Common parts. Can I get parts for the beast? Springs, etc?
4) Common ammo - as much as I love my Mosins, the ammo is not found at WalMart.
That contradicts the first assumption. I assume from 1) that I'm dropped and I don't get resupplied. I'd have probably stocked up on mechanically-apt-to-fail and easily packed parts before I go. I was already given 1000 rounds, so I'd want to make them *light*. .223 or .308 caliber is made for both types in lots of rifles, and can kill at woods ranges (100 yds?) or farther, depending on the size of the game. But .223 is cheaper (I wasn't given a cost estimate, sky is the limit!), and weighs less for more rounds. I'd go with that.
5) Bolt OR semi. Doesn't matter
Oh that narrows it a bit. Assuming my goal is to avoid conflict, I'd go with bolt. More accurate (generally), and if I have limited rounds, I want them all to count.
6) Combat proven. A former, or designed for the military arm, is usually one that has been through some rough trials.
7 Portability. No Solothurns!
8 Magazine fed - box or internal, no single shots.
6) I thought I was supposed to avoid combat? The .223 is a combat-proven round, bolt actions have been used in combat for decades, but as for specific rifles, I don't think they go for those anymore outside of snipers. 7) Most bolts can be found in lightweight models, with stainless barrels and synthetic stocks for less maintenance and more durability. Same bolt could cover 8), and STILL be used as a single shot gun by loading one shot at a time if there were magazine malfunctions.
9 Lethality - able to defeat both man, and most medium and large game.
10 Price - as a state slave, I make squat, so it's gotta be affordable.
9) Guns don't kill people, people kill people, and you can too with a shovel, a knife, and lots of leaves and branches. Dig a pit, cut some stakes, lure man/beast over pit. Hunting and survival seemed to be based more on stealth and accuracy rather than raw firepower. That said, .223 will kill both with a well-placed shot. Was I dropped behind enemy lines only to kill and eat their deer? Sheesh! 10) Define affordable? $450 or less. Something made by Savage, say a 16FXP3?
Lots of others mentioned SKS/AK types, just not for me, I guess. YMMV. Thought provoking questions, thanks for the post!
jmm