PP ~
You're assuming parents don't talk to their kids about what they are doing, what it means, and why they are doing it.
Those stages of learning/understanding assume that the kid is a completely blank slate, has never had stuff explained to him, and can't possibly understand even if stuff is explained to him in terms he can understand.
Funny story: friend of mine in college, taking a child development class. Professor (childless of course) lectured on stages of kid development, claimed kids under age (I forget specific ... 5?) were unable to really comprehend the idea of a deferred reward, or of either a reward or a punishment happening later than the behavior. Part of the lecture was the claim that if you took a toddler, showed him a piece of candy, and told him he could eat the candy now, or wait ten or more minutes to receive 2 pieces of candy, the kid would always eat the candy immediately because he couldn't possibly understand the idea of waiting and being rewarded for waiting.*
Friend went home. Got his barely 2-year-old son and set the kid at the table. Put a piece of candy in front of him. Said, "DJ, here's a piece of candy. You want it?" Kid nodded. "Okay, you can eat it now, OR you can wait a few minutes to eat it. If you wait to eat it until after dinner, I will give you two pieces of candy."
Kid looked at the candy, and said, "Okay Daddy." Then he climbed down from the table, looking wistfully behind him at the candy still sitting there. Candy sat on the table all afternoon, with the kid coming over to look at it from time to time. After dinner the kid was given two pieces of candy.
DJ was not any brighter than most 2-year-olds, but somewhere along the way someone had explained "waiting" to him in terms he understood.
So, no, a 4-year-old might not understand that the watermelon blowing up means something. But if someone takes the time to explain what just happened and what it means, and to engage the kid's imagination -- well, that's a different thing entirely.
pax
* IMO, the real reason little kids "can't understand" the concept of waiting when promised either a reward or a punishment is because their parents lie to them so often. Would you believe someone who lied to you all the time?
You're assuming parents don't talk to their kids about what they are doing, what it means, and why they are doing it.
Those stages of learning/understanding assume that the kid is a completely blank slate, has never had stuff explained to him, and can't possibly understand even if stuff is explained to him in terms he can understand.
Funny story: friend of mine in college, taking a child development class. Professor (childless of course) lectured on stages of kid development, claimed kids under age (I forget specific ... 5?) were unable to really comprehend the idea of a deferred reward, or of either a reward or a punishment happening later than the behavior. Part of the lecture was the claim that if you took a toddler, showed him a piece of candy, and told him he could eat the candy now, or wait ten or more minutes to receive 2 pieces of candy, the kid would always eat the candy immediately because he couldn't possibly understand the idea of waiting and being rewarded for waiting.*
Friend went home. Got his barely 2-year-old son and set the kid at the table. Put a piece of candy in front of him. Said, "DJ, here's a piece of candy. You want it?" Kid nodded. "Okay, you can eat it now, OR you can wait a few minutes to eat it. If you wait to eat it until after dinner, I will give you two pieces of candy."
Kid looked at the candy, and said, "Okay Daddy." Then he climbed down from the table, looking wistfully behind him at the candy still sitting there. Candy sat on the table all afternoon, with the kid coming over to look at it from time to time. After dinner the kid was given two pieces of candy.
DJ was not any brighter than most 2-year-olds, but somewhere along the way someone had explained "waiting" to him in terms he understood.
So, no, a 4-year-old might not understand that the watermelon blowing up means something. But if someone takes the time to explain what just happened and what it means, and to engage the kid's imagination -- well, that's a different thing entirely.
pax
* IMO, the real reason little kids "can't understand" the concept of waiting when promised either a reward or a punishment is because their parents lie to them so often. Would you believe someone who lied to you all the time?