I helped a new shooter at the range with his compact 191 in 9mm It was a good brand, like Springfield Armory or Kimber. He could not get the gun to function. I brought over the oil can, because I have seen a lot of dry semi auto pistols malfunction. I looked at the fired cases and found out, he was using 380 ammunition!.. The claw will hold the case against the breech face, the cases still swell, but luckily for the shooter, did not rupture.
Mr Potter loves the M70 Winchester rifle, particularly pre 64’s, and he has a number of them. He was at the range, shooting a 270 Win, and once he was finished with that, he picked up a M70 in 300 Win Magnum. There were loose 270 Win rounds on the bench. And guess what, he picked a 270 Win round and inserted it into the 300 Win Mag . The claw extractor on a M70 held the 270 Win round in place, enough so, that when the firing pin hit the primer, the cartridge ignited.
Kaboom!
Case head ruptured on the 270 Win cartridge. Entire left side of his face was bloody from brass and gunpowder particles, his left eyelid was closed so he did not lose sight in that eye. Mr Potter was very lucky that he did not lose his right eye, he was not wearing shooting glasses, but the scope bell deflected debris and he did not have eye damage. However, scope was bent/deformed. Strangely the floor plate was not blown open.
His Mc Millian fiberglas stock came out of it without splitting.
The action was headspaced and found to be OK. The rifle is back in use with a new scope.
You shoot enough, you will see or experience a lot of firearm malfunctions due to wrong ammunition, or defective ammunition. Always wear your shooting glasses!