Jews had a unique history in Europe. In middle age Europe lending money for interest was considered usury.
This is based on the same part of Jewish law of the bible that the Jews instead interpreted to mean it was only prohibited to take advantage of other Jews that way, but is okay to make such loans to others. For example Deuteronomy 15:3
Of a foreigner thou mayest exact it again: but that which is thine with thy brother thine hand shall release;
Or 6 For the Lord thy God blesseth thee, as he promised thee: and thou shalt lend unto many nations, but thou shalt not borrow; and thou shalt reign over many nations, but they shall not reign over thee.
Christians applied this to all, but Jews interpreted it to mean they could charge interest to everyone else and in doing so shall reign over many nations of the world, and not be ruled by them. Jews will rule the world by debt and the financial system.
In Europe Cannon law often covered a lot of the law and was under the control of the Christian church. Jews essentially became exempt from a lot of Cannon law by still being a religion of the bible and so tolerated, but by having the ability to self govern many of those aspects didn't have to apply that same restriction to themselves.
Giving Jews special rights was actually what would cause most of the friction in Europe.
Today usury means excessive interest, but just charging interest for profit often considered usury in the middle ages.
Guess what demographic most people were in debt to during any economic downturn?
Before the merchant class and change from aristocracy in Europe in all the waves of rebellions though the level of power was less, and only minor aristocrats had liquidity to borrow and pay back loans regularly, and it was seen as sinful and only done for emergencies by a good Christian of the time period. So its impact on society was limited to funding some small ambitions of the gentry.
Later though when the masses in general used loans the level of power became enormous.
This meant Jews got a several hundred year head start in banking over most others in Europe (and longer in the world as even Jesus was killed after and for knocking over the money lending table in the temple), and would become disproportionately powerful once consumerism and industrialization turned us into a mass transaction through bank society.
Most pogroms in Europe you find are more connected to the population owing money than just because they were Jewish. Which is why they often are when crops fail and loans due cannot be paid or similar bad times in Europe.
That would still be the situation up until the Great Depression felt worldwide while Germany was given the extra burden of using a lot of its GDP to repay all the winners in WW1.
In most of history just getting through the economic downturn would resolve the animosity. In industrialized Germany during the Great Depression that didn't work out. They also didn't decide on the Final Solution until they already knew they were going to lose the war. It was more of a decision to kill all jews before they lost power than something they planned to do. As a result it was hard to predict the most scientifically advanced nation in the world at the time would decide that to preserve their ethnic identity they would erase other ethnic groups in the region. In retrospect in should be expected and DNA will probably be used to do some similar things in some parts of the world in the future. Erasing certain genes from the population in a more scientific racism or government supported decision that some genes pose a risk to the population.
Considering the German Military was the best in the world at the time, and had the support of most of the population in the home territories, it is hard to imagine the Jews armed with small arms would have made a big enough difference.
The Germans would not have been deterred losing even 10,000 soldiers at that time, and I cannot expect they would have lost too many more fighting rebels with organized military forces that the local populations all spied on and reported on.
The Germans also were brutal to towns even near where rebels operated from.
I recall when one high level nazi was assassinated by partisans they slaughtered an entire town and bulldozed it over so you couldn't even tell it once existed.
When much of the general population actually agrees with what they are doing and facing risks like that for not reporting activity or suspicions to the authorities, armed rebels would face an uphill battle.
I recall southern France had the best success for Rebels because it had far less of the population that supported the ideals of the Nazis or their racial views. While in the North they surrendered and agreed far more readily and became Vichy France.
The Soviets at the time also were more likely to kill you than the Germans. Having been through Civil War and mass starvation since the the revolution, and forming gulag forced labor prison systems you were likely to die of starvation or injury in.
They may have been less concerned with your ethnicity, but were more deadly than the German government to civilians for Decades by the time of the Final Solution. Most that died were between the Germans and the Soviet Union, and many that lived went to America or Israel in the 1920s and 1930s when times got really bad in that region.