a .30 is easier to suppress, or suppresses quieter than a .45 caliber?
Depends.
Two things are in play. Bullet velocity, and gas characteristics.
It's possible to get all the powder burned in a given caliber in a given length of barrel.
The "can" is then expected to collect, cool, and de-accelerate those gasses.
Now, if the bullet launched is moving faster than 1050 fps, generally, at 'nominal' "sea level" it will produce supersonic sound as it flies (in the vernacular, the "crack" of the bullet). 5.56nato leaves the barrel around 3300 fps, which is Mach 2.9 (all in rather 'round' numbers). 230gr 45acp ball is tootling along maybe as high as 960fps, so it's "sub sonic" right out of a factory box of ammo (some, many, of the JHP are closer to 1100).
So, if the "can" can quiet the propellant gasses, then, you need to look at sound created by the bullet itself. 45acp gives a "leg up" on that. Subsonic 300BO does as well. Plain Jane 30carbine, yeah, not so much.